{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381734308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154373","title":"ELoRa: End-to-end Emulation of Massive IoT LoRaWAN Infrastructures","display_name":"ELoRa: End-to-end Emulation of Massive IoT LoRaWAN Infrastructures","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381734308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04025834/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027445435","display_name":"Alessandro Aimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7529-3325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145724","display_name":"Centre d'Etudes et De Recherche en Informatique et Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/044j5mm75","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Aimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Innovation,France","CEDRIC - ROC - CEDRIC. R\u00e9seaux et Objets Connect\u00e9s (France)","Orange Innovation (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDRIC - ROC - CEDRIC. R\u00e9seaux et Objets Connect\u00e9s (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072306018","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Rovedakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145724","display_name":"Centre d'Etudes et De Recherche en Informatique et Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/044j5mm75","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"St\u00e9phane Rovedakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedric, Cnam,France","CEDRIC - ROC - CEDRIC. R\u00e9seaux et Objets Connect\u00e9s (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedric, Cnam,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDRIC - ROC - CEDRIC. R\u00e9seaux et Objets Connect\u00e9s (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017271101","display_name":"Fabrice Guillemin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-2274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrice Guillemin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Innovation,France","Orange Labs [Lannion] (Technopole Anticipa 2 avenue Pierre Marzin 22300 LANNION - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Labs [Lannion] (Technopole Anticipa 2 avenue Pierre Marzin 22300 LANNION - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025676566","display_name":"Stefano Secci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-0676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145724","display_name":"Centre d'Etudes et De Recherche en Informatique et Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/044j5mm75","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Secci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedric, Cnam,France","CEDRIC - ROC - CEDRIC. R\u00e9seaux et Objets Connect\u00e9s (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedric, Cnam,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDRIC - ROC - CEDRIC. R\u00e9seaux et Objets Connect\u00e9s (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145724"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027445435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010","https://openalex.org/I4210145724"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7587,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70565688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.7938370704650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7763147354125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6287778615951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.6276659965515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-stack","display_name":"Protocol stack","score":0.6171620488166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5902831554412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.5187859535217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.5109654664993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4482465386390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.42689430713653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.41787219047546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4149993360042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.41264504194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.24569904804229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.21849051117897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.09407550096511841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.7938370704650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7763147354125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6287778615951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.6276659965515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.6171620488166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5902831554412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.5187859535217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.5109654664993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4482465386390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.42689430713653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.41787219047546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4149993360042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.41264504194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.24569904804229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21849051117897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.09407550096511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04025834v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04025834","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04025834/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), May 2023, Miami, FL, United States","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1006432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1006432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04025834v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04025834","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04025834/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), May 2023, Miami, FL, United States","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381734308.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989971887","https://openalex.org/W2740100958","https://openalex.org/W2792195154","https://openalex.org/W2825630662","https://openalex.org/W4297336653","https://openalex.org/W4297444019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315605910","https://openalex.org/W3015417592","https://openalex.org/W3109766156","https://openalex.org/W3109192971","https://openalex.org/W4254768154","https://openalex.org/W4241427308","https://openalex.org/W4386736589","https://openalex.org/W4244032245","https://openalex.org/W4210944037","https://openalex.org/W951489289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,34],"present":[4],"ELoRa,":[5],"an":[6,19,27,36,48],"emulation":[7],"tool":[8,56],"that":[9],"generates":[10],"Long":[11],"Range":[12],"Wide":[13],"Area":[14],"Network":[15],"(LoRaWAN)":[16],"traffic":[17,44,63],"for":[18],"arbitrary":[20],"number":[21],"of":[22,91,99,110],"LoRa":[23],"devices":[24,101,138],"and":[25,64,95,139],"in":[26,66],"end-to-end":[28],"virtualized":[29],"LoRaWAN":[30,51,79,104,129],"setting.":[31],"Using":[32],"ns-3,":[33],"improve":[35],"existing":[37],"radio":[38,93,117],"access":[39,94,118],"network":[40,52,81,84],"simulator":[41],"to":[42,60,68,88,114,126,135],"produce":[43],"compatible":[45],"with":[46],"ChirpStack,":[47],"open-source,":[49],"cloud-native,":[50],"functions":[53,82],"stack.":[54],"Our":[55],"can":[57,96,123],"be":[58,124],"used":[59],"create":[61],"realistic":[62],"anomalies":[65],"order":[67],"test":[69],"orchestration":[70],"techniques":[71,113],"on":[72],"a":[73],"real,":[74],"distributed":[75],"infrastructure.":[76],"Moreover,":[77],"the":[78,89,92,116,127],"core":[80],"(bridges,":[83],"server)":[85],"are":[86],"agnostic":[87],"simulation":[90],"change":[97],"parameters":[98],"simulated":[100],"using":[102],"native":[103],"protocol":[105],"primitives,":[106],"therefore":[107],"enabling":[108],"live-testing":[109],"resource":[111],"allocation":[112],"manage":[115],"network.":[119],"Multiple":[120],"ELoRa":[121],"instances":[122],"connected":[125],"same":[128],"core,":[130],"each":[131],"instance":[132],"being":[133],"able":[134],"support":[136],"50000":[137],"7":[140],"gateways.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
