{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381744999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154312","title":"Autoscaling Packet Core Network Functions with Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Autoscaling Packet Core Network Functions with Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381744999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082866143","display_name":"Jatinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-6564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115349","display_name":"Ion Exchange (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/028x2z366","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115349"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jatinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Innovation Networks,Gurgaon,India","Orange Innovation Networks, Gurgaon, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation Networks,Gurgaon,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation Networks, Gurgaon, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102878305","display_name":"S. K. Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4190-0548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115349","display_name":"Ion Exchange (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/028x2z366","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115349"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shantanu Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Innovation Networks,Gurgaon,India","Orange Innovation Networks, Gurgaon, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation Networks,Gurgaon,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation Networks, Gurgaon, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001342072","display_name":"Yoichi Matsuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6705-7829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoichi Matsuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation,Tokyo,Japan","NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102832434","display_name":"F. Fossati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-9472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"LIP6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Fossati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Université, LIP6,Paris,France,F-75005"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Université, LIP6,Paris,France,F-75005","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077385287","display_name":"Guillaume Fraysse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-4701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillaume Fraysse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Innovation Networks,Paris,France","Orange Innovation Networks, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation Networks,Paris,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation Networks, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8810327053070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8347505331039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7506512999534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7145743370056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.677356481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6572263240814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6516767740249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5205984115600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49472805857658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4240681529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4178903102874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33116328716278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2929964065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1959163248538971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8810327053070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8347505331039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7506512999534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7145743370056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.677356481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6572263240814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6516767740249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5205984115600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49472805857658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4240681529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4178903102874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33116328716278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2929964065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1959163248538971}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms56928.2023.10154312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040672732","https://openalex.org/W2138583691","https://openalex.org/W2141559645","https://openalex.org/W2201581102","https://openalex.org/W2595166142","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2783048824","https://openalex.org/W2798705390","https://openalex.org/W2809835790","https://openalex.org/W2899982310","https://openalex.org/W2903500163","https://openalex.org/W2951799221","https://openalex.org/W2998126944","https://openalex.org/W3037164854","https://openalex.org/W3161207621","https://openalex.org/W6685444567","https://openalex.org/W6687681856","https://openalex.org/W6734681594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W3048672182","https://openalex.org/W1939996075","https://openalex.org/W3181553685","https://openalex.org/W2118113972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"scalability":[1],"problem":[2,44],"for":[3,71],"Network":[4],"Functions":[5],"(NFs)":[6],"is":[7,47,69,90],"the":[8,18,22,60,72,87,93,98,106,110],"scaling":[9,103],"of":[10,24,86,112,118],"cloud":[11],"resources":[12,81,124],"allocated":[13],"to":[14,17,20,42,92,120],"NFs":[15],"according":[16],"workload":[19],"guarantee":[21],"Quality":[23],"Service":[25],"(QoS).":[26],"This":[27],"work":[28],"investigates":[29],"how":[30],"Deep":[31,65],"Reinforcement":[32],"Learning":[33],"(DRL)":[34],"can":[35],"be":[36],"applied":[37],"as":[38],"a":[39,50,76,116,127],"proactive":[40],"solution":[41],"this":[43],"and":[45,83],"performance":[46],"evaluated":[48],"on":[49,97],"testbed":[51],"running":[52],"an":[53],"Open-Source":[54],"packet":[55],"core":[56],"NF,":[57],"provided":[58],"by":[59,108,115],"Magma":[61],"project.":[62],"Dueling":[63],"Double":[64],"Q-network":[66],"(D3QN)":[67],"algorithm":[68],"considered":[70],"DRL":[73,88],"method,":[74],"with":[75],"reward":[77],"function":[78],"that":[79],"considers":[80],"usages":[82],"workload.":[84],"Performance":[85],"method":[89],"compared":[91],"traditional":[94],"threshold-based":[95],"approach":[96],"testbed.":[99],"Results":[100],"show":[101],"DRL-based":[102],"methods":[104],"improve":[105],"QoS":[107],"reducing":[109],"number":[111],"dropped":[113],"sessions":[114],"factor":[117],"up":[119],"100":[121],"while":[122],"keeping":[123],"usage":[125],"in":[126],"defined":[128],"range.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}