{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208773001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms54207.2022.9789878","title":"E-GraphSAGE: A Graph Neural Network based Intrusion Detection System for IoT","display_name":"E-GraphSAGE: A Graph Neural Network based Intrusion Detection System for IoT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208773001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms54207.2022.9789878","mag":"3208773001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms54207.2022.9789878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms54207.2022.9789878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605650","display_name":"NOMS 2022-2022 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2022-2022 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.16329","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053226287","display_name":"Wai Weng Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-4043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wai Weng Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016369735","display_name":"Siamak Layeghy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-2368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siamak Layeghy","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047926199","display_name":"Mohanad Sarhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-6042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanad Sarhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017810911","display_name":"Marcus Gallagher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6694-9572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078468070","display_name":"Marius Portmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-3961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Portmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Brisbane,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053226287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":66.098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":327,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8036584854125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6709153652191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.638717532157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5851835608482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5621992945671082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5493513941764832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.490845263004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4861759543418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.27941280603408813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8036584854125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6709153652191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.638717532157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5851835608482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5621992945671082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5493513941764832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.490845263004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4861759543418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27941280603408813}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms54207.2022.9789878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms54207.2022.9789878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605650","display_name":"NOMS 2022-2022 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2022-2022 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.16329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.16329","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.16329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.16329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.16329","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.16329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40890042","https://openalex.org/W1487260974","https://openalex.org/W2170196582","https://openalex.org/W2606780347","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2752533296","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2905224888","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2923477440","https://openalex.org/W2950697450","https://openalex.org/W2963224980","https://openalex.org/W2963748489","https://openalex.org/W2972317931","https://openalex.org/W2996900869","https://openalex.org/W3011482926","https://openalex.org/W3036195893","https://openalex.org/W3085955590","https://openalex.org/W3089307587","https://openalex.org/W3102359135","https://openalex.org/W3111288713","https://openalex.org/W3120934607","https://openalex.org/W4210257598","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W6629129790","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6748816842","https://openalex.org/W6757374366","https://openalex.org/W6767288045","https://openalex.org/W6774909299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357468538","https://openalex.org/W1577110157","https://openalex.org/W2355007334","https://openalex.org/W2390009783","https://openalex.org/W4254602698","https://openalex.org/W2394461323","https://openalex.org/W2349441905","https://openalex.org/W2361044160","https://openalex.org/W3120792425","https://openalex.org/W1483130311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,18,53,62,73],"new":[4,20],"Network":[5],"Intrusion":[6],"Detection":[7],"System":[8],"(NIDS)":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11,108,124],"Graph":[12],"Neural":[13],"Networks":[14],"(GNNs).":[15],"GNNs":[16,107,148],"are":[17,41],"relatively":[19],"sub-field":[21],"of":[22,32,72,91,105,111,139,147],"deep":[23],"neural":[24],"networks,":[25],"which":[26,47,143],"can":[27,48],"leverage":[28],"the":[29,69,78,89,97,109,135,145],"inherent":[30],"structure":[31],"graph-based":[33],"data.":[34,119],"Training":[35],"and":[36,101,153],"evaluation":[37,123],"data":[38],"for":[39,81,115,156],"NIDSs":[40],"typically":[42],"represented":[43,51],"as":[44,75,77],"flow":[45],"records,":[46],"naturally":[49],"be":[50],"in":[52,85,137,149],"graph":[54,74],"format.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"E-GraphSAGE,":[61],"GNN":[63],"approach":[64,104,133],"that":[65,131],"allows":[66],"capturing":[67],"both":[68],"edge":[70],"features":[71],"well":[76],"topological":[79],"information":[80],"network":[82,112,150],"intrusion":[83,113,151],"detection":[84,114],"IoT":[86,116],"networks.":[87],"To":[88],"best":[90],"our":[92,94,132],"knowledge,":[93],"proposal":[95],"is":[96],"first":[98],"successful,":[99],"practical,":[100],"extensively":[102],"evaluated":[103],"applying":[106],"problem":[110],"using":[117],"flow-based":[118],"Our":[120],"extensive":[121],"experimental":[122],"four":[125],"recent":[126],"NIDS":[127],"benchmark":[128],"datasets":[129],"shows":[130],"outperforms":[134],"state-of-the-art":[136],"terms":[138],"key":[140],"classification":[141],"metrics,":[142],"demonstrates":[144],"potential":[146],"detection,":[152],"provides":[154],"motivation":[155],"further":[157],"research.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":139},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
