{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035442117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110377","title":"Delay-Aware NFV Resource Allocation with Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Delay-Aware NFV Resource Allocation with Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035442117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110377","mag":"3035442117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2020 - 2020 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024577677","display_name":"Ningcheng Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningcheng Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029341326","display_name":"Wenchen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-1561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109737670","display_name":"Jing Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9721-4704"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Operation Center, State Grid Henan Electric Power Company"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Operation Center, State Grid Henan Electric Power Company","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042944721","display_name":"Xuesong Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-539X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuesong Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047467022","display_name":"Shaoyong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-8431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442689","display_name":"Wenjing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-1007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87023656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.852982759475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7663149833679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.6952701807022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queuing-delay","display_name":"Queuing delay","score":0.6931267976760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.6551477313041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-delay","display_name":"Network delay","score":0.5423754453659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.46651044487953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.46050167083740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4569227695465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4539281725883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-delay","display_name":"End-to-end delay","score":0.44956111907958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4471118450164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4405771493911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43034327030181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.42048943042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2876783013343811}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.852982759475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7663149833679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.6952701807022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196095461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576842","display_name":"Queuing delay","level":3,"score":0.6931267976760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.6551477313041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152623178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q436417","display_name":"Network delay","level":3,"score":0.5423754453659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46651044487953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.46050167083740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4569227695465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4539281725883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37624559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375776","display_name":"End-to-end delay","level":3,"score":0.44956111907958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4471118450164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4405771493911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43034327030181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.42048943042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2876783013343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2020 - 2020 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105685892","https://openalex.org/W2260756217","https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2550384411","https://openalex.org/W2567015638","https://openalex.org/W2585512500","https://openalex.org/W2774034381","https://openalex.org/W2856725472","https://openalex.org/W2885034200","https://openalex.org/W2890719226","https://openalex.org/W2950872548","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W3103559770","https://openalex.org/W3106347091","https://openalex.org/W4297795161","https://openalex.org/W6729556111","https://openalex.org/W6731334075","https://openalex.org/W6732665253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091405833","https://openalex.org/W2592965047","https://openalex.org/W77573491","https://openalex.org/W4366679797","https://openalex.org/W3176303726","https://openalex.org/W1534803986","https://openalex.org/W78977128","https://openalex.org/W2392451198","https://openalex.org/W2126611031","https://openalex.org/W2465318544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,20],"Function":[1,13],"Virtualization":[2],"(NFV)":[3],"can":[4,50,109],"support":[5],"flexible":[6],"services":[7],"provisioning":[8],"in":[9,185],"form":[10],"of":[11,17,27,153,187],"Service":[12],"Chains":[14],"(SFCs)":[15],"consisting":[16],"ordered":[18],"Virtual":[19],"Functions":[21],"(VNFs).":[22],"The":[23],"end-to-end":[24],"(E2E)":[25],"delay":[26,70,92,146],"flow":[28],"traversing":[29],"SFC":[30],"has":[31,178],"been":[32],"an":[33,46,83,97],"important":[34],"indicator,":[35],"especially":[36],"for":[37],"delay-sensitive":[38],"E2E":[39,91,129],"services,":[40],"but":[41],"there":[42],"does":[43],"not":[44],"exist":[45],"analytical":[47],"model":[48,71,123],"that":[49,108,176],"accurately":[51],"evaluate":[52],"it.":[53],"Moreover,":[54],"the":[55,117,134,138,151,154,166],"complicated":[56],"network":[57,112,139,191],"and":[58,66,72,142,160,190],"stochastic":[59],"request":[60],"arrival":[61],"are":[62,78],"hard":[63],"to":[64,89,111,126,150,164,182],"predict":[65],"model.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"quantitative":[69],"dynamic":[73,121],"NFV":[74,98],"resource":[75,99],"allocation":[76,85,100,168],"method":[77,86],"needed.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"adaptive":[84],"is":[87,124],"designed":[88],"meet":[90],"requirements.":[93],"Firstly,":[94],"we":[95,136,156],"devise":[96],"framework":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103,133],"deep":[104],"reinforcement":[105,159],"learning":[106,162],"(DRL)":[107],"adapt":[110],"changes":[113],"by":[114],"interacting":[115],"with":[116],"network.":[118],"Then":[119],"a":[120,144],"queuing":[122],"established":[125],"determine":[127],"average":[128],"packet":[130],"delay.":[131],"Based":[132],"delay,":[135,188],"define":[137],"utility":[140],"function":[141],"propose":[143],"minimizing":[145],"(MD)":[147],"problem.":[148],"According":[149],"continuity":[152],"problem,":[155],"use":[157],"unsupervised":[158],"auxiliary":[161],"(UNREAL)":[163],"obtain":[165],"optimal":[167],"policy.":[169],"At":[170],"last,":[171],"extensive":[172],"simulation":[173],"results":[174],"show":[175],"UNREAL-MD":[177],"better":[179],"performance":[180],"compared":[181],"state-of-the-art":[183],"methods":[184],"terms":[186],"throughput":[189],"utility.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
