{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034569383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110267","title":"Is the Uplink Enough? Estimating Video Stalls from Encrypted Network Traffic","display_name":"Is the Uplink Enough? Estimating Video Stalls from Encrypted Network Traffic","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034569383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110267","mag":"3034569383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110267","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2020 - 2020 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080239778","display_name":"Frank Loh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-0790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Loh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Würzburg,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Würzburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073710266","display_name":"Florian Wamser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Wamser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Würzburg,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Würzburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090419986","display_name":"Christian Moldovan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0940-5408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Moldovan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Würzburg,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Würzburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076245743","display_name":"Bernd Zeidler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Zeidler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Würzburg,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Würzburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031923941","display_name":"Dimitrios Tsilimantos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1154-499X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123571","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rbzf697","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Tsilimantos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paris Research Center, Huawei Technologies,France SASU","Paris Research Center, Huawei Technologies, France SASU"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paris Research Center, Huawei Technologies,France SASU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paris Research Center, Huawei Technologies, France SASU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105877821","display_name":"Stefan Valentin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4181-402X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Valentin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences,Department of Computer Science,Germany","Department of Computer Science, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences,Department of Computer Science,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025794971","display_name":"Tobias Ho\u00dffeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-595X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Ho\u00dffeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Würzburg,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Würzburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080239778"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4885,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65150904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7592170238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7006233930587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-quality","display_name":"Video quality","score":0.5817433595657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5663084983825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5566681027412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-traffic","display_name":"Internet traffic","score":0.5196143984794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5020792484283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-analysis","display_name":"Traffic analysis","score":0.46802693605422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45635417103767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-streaming","display_name":"Video streaming","score":0.45459794998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-video","display_name":"Internet video","score":0.4451373219490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.4279623031616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4182998239994049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.32525867223739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.21659788489341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12320449948310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08928057551383972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7592170238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7006233930587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103910844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631256","display_name":"Video quality","level":3,"score":0.5817433595657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5663084983825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5566681027412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.5196143984794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5020792484283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832483","display_name":"Traffic analysis","level":2,"score":0.46802693605422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45635417103767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986160907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220499","display_name":"Video streaming","level":2,"score":0.45459794998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779789524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16885149","display_name":"Internet video","level":3,"score":0.4451373219490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.4279623031616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4182998239994049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.32525867223739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.21659788489341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12320449948310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08928057551383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110267","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2020 - 2020 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490410364","https://openalex.org/W1525018799","https://openalex.org/W1813449438","https://openalex.org/W1963903779","https://openalex.org/W1986570368","https://openalex.org/W2009156671","https://openalex.org/W2025518782","https://openalex.org/W2031794885","https://openalex.org/W2055165550","https://openalex.org/W2061338198","https://openalex.org/W2106489024","https://openalex.org/W2163031058","https://openalex.org/W2256681573","https://openalex.org/W2328583331","https://openalex.org/W2507174453","https://openalex.org/W2534501048","https://openalex.org/W2570887127","https://openalex.org/W2610855322","https://openalex.org/W2622055490","https://openalex.org/W2724289508","https://openalex.org/W2742251916","https://openalex.org/W2769624576","https://openalex.org/W2790600716","https://openalex.org/W2809211034","https://openalex.org/W2898323801","https://openalex.org/W2898387613","https://openalex.org/W2898499449","https://openalex.org/W2950785402","https://openalex.org/W2963233639","https://openalex.org/W2963667407","https://openalex.org/W3106188540","https://openalex.org/W6728389434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891239219","https://openalex.org/W1563524306","https://openalex.org/W4226202503","https://openalex.org/W2324542997","https://openalex.org/W4252806684","https://openalex.org/W2763419761","https://openalex.org/W4233850927","https://openalex.org/W2127587205","https://openalex.org/W3046103796","https://openalex.org/W3198452868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today\u2019s":[0],"traffic":[1,8,15,24,29,44,57,158],"projections":[2],"speak":[3],"of":[4,90,152,155,167,169],"almost":[5],"58%":[6],"video":[7,14,28,76,91,120,127,136,156],"across":[9],"the":[10,37,43,56,94,119,135,153,161,170],"Internet.":[11],"Nearly":[12],"all":[13],"is":[16,140],"encrypted,":[17],"accounting":[18],"for":[19,78,145],"more":[20,86],"than":[21,87],"50%":[22],"encrypted":[23],"worldwide.":[25],"To":[26],"analyze":[27],"today,":[30],"or":[31],"even":[32],"estimate":[33,75,118],"its":[34],"quality":[35,53],"in":[36,68,103,107,110,130],"network,":[38],"a":[39,114,143],"deep":[40],"look":[41],"into":[42],"characteristics":[45,154],"has":[46],"to":[47,72,117,132,148,159],"be":[48,60],"done.":[49],"But":[50],"then,":[51],"important":[52,163,172],"metrics":[54],"from":[55,93],"behavior":[58],"can":[59],"derived.":[61],"Based":[62],"on":[63,125],"extensive":[64],"measurements":[65],"we":[66],"show":[67],"this":[69],"work":[70,139],"how":[71],"measure":[73],"and":[74],"stalls":[77],"mobile":[79],"adaptive":[80],"streaming.":[81],"The":[82],"underlying":[83],"dataset":[84],"includes":[85],"900":[88],"hours":[89],"footage":[92],"native":[95],"YouTube":[96],"app,":[97],"measured":[98],"over":[99],"18":[100],"different":[101],"videos":[102],"56":[104],"network":[105,146],"scenarios":[106],"two":[108],"cities":[109],"Europe.":[111],"We":[112],"outline":[113],"possible":[115],"approach":[116],"playback":[121],"buffer":[122],"size":[123],"based":[124],"uplink":[126],"chunk":[128],"requests":[129],"real-time":[131],"break":[133],"down":[134],"stalls.":[137],"This":[138],"intended":[141],"as":[142],"tool":[144],"operators":[147],"receive":[149],"further":[150],"knowledge":[151],"streaming":[157],"quantify":[160],"most":[162,171],"QoE":[164],"degradation":[165],"factors":[166],"one":[168],"applications":[173],"today.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}