{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107199738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms.2008.4575125","title":"Bezoar: Automated virtual machine-based full-system recovery from control-flow hijacking attacks","display_name":"Bezoar: Automated virtual machine-based full-system recovery from control-flow hijacking attacks","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107199738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms.2008.4575125","mag":"2107199738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms.2008.4575125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms.2008.4575125","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2008 - 2008 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104071428","display_name":"Daniela A. S. de Oliveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniela A. S. de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, {Davis, Santa Barbara}, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, {Davis, Santa Barbara}, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441","https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043229300","display_name":"Jedidiah R. Crandall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7864-2992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jedidiah R. Crandall","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","University of New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055811185","display_name":"Gary Wassermann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Wassermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","University of New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054765777","display_name":"Shaozhi Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaozhi Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","University of New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088633029","display_name":"S. Felix Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4644-569X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Felix Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","University of New Mexico, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077610917","display_name":"Zhendong Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-1391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","University of New Mexico, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083979678","display_name":"Frederic T. Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-4645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic T. Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","University of New Mexico, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104071428"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441","https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87635206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"121","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8149501085281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6840596199035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.6668744087219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5605618357658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.5447115302085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.5244553089141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.5061442255973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.49499648809432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.461204469203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4272429347038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.42559778690338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3223692774772644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8149501085281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6840596199035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.6668744087219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5605618357658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.5447115302085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.5244553089141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5061442255973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.49499648809432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.461204469203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4272429347038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.42559778690338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3223692774772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/noms.2008.4575125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/noms.2008.4575125","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NOMS 2008 - 2008 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8329419","https://openalex.org/W16937262","https://openalex.org/W146660932","https://openalex.org/W206265171","https://openalex.org/W1480157704","https://openalex.org/W1489157620","https://openalex.org/W1502476232","https://openalex.org/W1525451871","https://openalex.org/W1545155892","https://openalex.org/W1545927878","https://openalex.org/W1606900254","https://openalex.org/W1655226010","https://openalex.org/W1675633711","https://openalex.org/W1825457006","https://openalex.org/W2006419855","https://openalex.org/W2044690729","https://openalex.org/W2046295935","https://openalex.org/W2093406244","https://openalex.org/W2100198871","https://openalex.org/W2100583963","https://openalex.org/W2100970777","https://openalex.org/W2102970979","https://openalex.org/W2103919170","https://openalex.org/W2108274189","https://openalex.org/W2109192777","https://openalex.org/W2110137598","https://openalex.org/W2114488210","https://openalex.org/W2117520528","https://openalex.org/W2130745898","https://openalex.org/W2131875129","https://openalex.org/W2133217855","https://openalex.org/W2136938453","https://openalex.org/W2138357890","https://openalex.org/W2140073981","https://openalex.org/W2140611647","https://openalex.org/W2140991542","https://openalex.org/W2144789413","https://openalex.org/W2144984544","https://openalex.org/W2151996777","https://openalex.org/W2154849580","https://openalex.org/W2156205360","https://openalex.org/W2156399316","https://openalex.org/W2163994161","https://openalex.org/W2165100126","https://openalex.org/W2171568628","https://openalex.org/W2950142238","https://openalex.org/W4234020632","https://openalex.org/W4239389894","https://openalex.org/W4250981365","https://openalex.org/W4251521742","https://openalex.org/W4254762831","https://openalex.org/W4255411440","https://openalex.org/W6600329688","https://openalex.org/W6600698885","https://openalex.org/W6608438711","https://openalex.org/W6629319858","https://openalex.org/W6630100273","https://openalex.org/W6636991409","https://openalex.org/W6675416627","https://openalex.org/W6680497902","https://openalex.org/W6680703197","https://openalex.org/W6681043256","https://openalex.org/W6681525158","https://openalex.org/W6681546528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W121858127","https://openalex.org/W2775143306","https://openalex.org/W4289329995","https://openalex.org/W2373574911","https://openalex.org/W2046727832","https://openalex.org/W4247895841","https://openalex.org/W2130675906","https://openalex.org/W2134260695","https://openalex.org/W2188516702","https://openalex.org/W2123280114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"System":[0],"availability":[1],"is":[2],"difficult":[3],"for":[4,36,120,147,156,166],"systems":[5,15],"to":[6,23,78,140],"maintain":[7],"in":[8,51,93],"the":[9,52,58,88,94,101,108,129,141,148,157],"face":[10,53],"of":[11,54,90],"Internet":[12],"worms.":[13],"Large":[14],"have":[16],"vulnerabilities,":[17],"and":[18,41,47,96,122,133,150,153],"if":[19],"a":[20],"system":[21,95,131],"attempts":[22],"continue":[24],"operation":[25],"after":[26,97],"an":[27,72,98],"attack,":[28,99],"it":[29,127],"may":[30],"not":[31],"behave":[32],"properly.":[33],"Traditional":[34],"mechanisms":[35],"detecting":[37],"attacks":[38],"disrupt":[39],"service":[40],"current":[42],"recovery":[43,50,149],"approaches":[44],"are":[45],"application-based":[46],"cannot":[48],"guarantee":[49],"exploits":[55,119],"that":[56,161],"corrupt":[57],"kernel,":[59],"involve":[60],"multiple":[61],"processes":[62],"or":[63],"target":[64],"multithreaded":[65],"network":[66,91,164],"services.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"presents":[70],"Bezoar,":[71],"automated":[73],"full-system":[74],"virtual":[75,142],"machine-based":[76],"approach":[77],"recover":[79],"from":[80,107],"zero-day":[81],"control-flow":[82],"hijacking":[83],"attacks.":[84],"Bezoar":[85,136],"tracks":[86,162],"down":[87,163],"source":[89],"bytes":[92],"replays":[100],"checkpointed":[102],"run":[103],"while":[104],"ignoring":[105],"inputs":[106],"malicious":[109],"source.":[110],"We":[111],"evaluated":[112],"our":[113],"proof-of-concept":[114],"prototype":[115],"on":[116],"six":[117],"notorious":[118],"Linux":[121],"Windows.":[123],"In":[124],"all":[125],"cases,":[126],"recovered":[128],"full":[130],"state":[132],"resumed":[134],"execution.":[135],"incurs":[137],"low":[138],"overhead":[139],"machine:":[143],"less":[144],"than":[145],"1%":[146],"log":[151],"components":[152],"approximately":[154],"1.4X":[155],"memory":[158],"monitor":[159],"component":[160],"bytes,":[165],"five":[167],"SPEC":[168],"INT":[169],"2000":[170],"benchmarks.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}