{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906762511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nof.2018.8598055","title":"A Multi-level Internet Traffic Classifier Using Deep Learning","display_name":"A Multi-level Internet Traffic Classifier Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906762511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nof.2018.8598055","mag":"2906762511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nof.2018.8598055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nof.2018.8598055","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 9th International Conference on the Network of the Future (NOF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081395304","display_name":"Ola Salman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-8665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ola Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061146388","display_name":"Imad H. Elhajj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imad H. Elhajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060737319","display_name":"Ali Chehab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-2740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Chehab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074578100","display_name":"Ayman Kayssi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-1395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Kayssi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081395304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5387,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92003878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"68","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.8525043725967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8190561532974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.7314081192016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.6787504553794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6372569799423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5818607807159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5669195055961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5094204545021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5009889602661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.48490697145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-packet-inspection","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","score":0.45167723298072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-traffic","display_name":"Internet traffic","score":0.440449059009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43514564633369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4135807752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3522822856903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10253745317459106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.8525043725967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8190561532974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.7314081192016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.6787504553794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6372569799423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5818607807159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5669195055961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5094204545021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5009889602661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.48490697145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.45167723298072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.440449059009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43514564633369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4135807752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3522822856903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10253745317459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nof.2018.8598055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nof.2018.8598055","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 9th International Conference on the Network of the Future (NOF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1233254008","https://openalex.org/W1481628066","https://openalex.org/W1521553548","https://openalex.org/W1973668864","https://openalex.org/W2073089243","https://openalex.org/W2083254762","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2121973001","https://openalex.org/W2137432096","https://openalex.org/W2138449377","https://openalex.org/W2157349061","https://openalex.org/W2161251616","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2247056620","https://openalex.org/W2284008484","https://openalex.org/W2408350275","https://openalex.org/W2552843288","https://openalex.org/W2564630785","https://openalex.org/W2587076123","https://openalex.org/W2599600800","https://openalex.org/W2606697812","https://openalex.org/W2743678626","https://openalex.org/W2963516518","https://openalex.org/W4301866626","https://openalex.org/W6628860390","https://openalex.org/W6631453533","https://openalex.org/W6674914833","https://openalex.org/W6680261719","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6744538726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964663688","https://openalex.org/W2770628370","https://openalex.org/W2073876080","https://openalex.org/W1987463739","https://openalex.org/W2023141338","https://openalex.org/W23840132","https://openalex.org/W2885862920","https://openalex.org/W2027016628","https://openalex.org/W3163756987","https://openalex.org/W2083607221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,68],"the":[1,11,17,24,62,66,99,115,121,128,131,143,151],"network":[2,25,63],"domain,":[3],"there":[4,36],"is":[5,37,55,108],"a":[6,38,49,86,91,105],"continuous":[7],"ongoing":[8],"evolution":[9],"in":[10,163],"type":[12],"of":[13,19,29,65,130,150,155],"connected":[14],"devices":[15],"and":[16,32,81,104,124],"nature":[18],"developed":[20],"applications.":[21],"This":[22],"presents":[23],"with":[26],"varying":[27],"Quality":[28],"Service":[30],"(QoS)":[31],"security":[33,82],"requirements.":[34],"Consequently,":[35],"need":[39],"to":[40,44,61,75,126,138],"classify":[41,76],"Internet":[42],"traffic":[43,77,132],"facilitate":[45],"its":[46],"management.":[47],"Thus,":[48],"granular":[50],"classification":[51,88,129,166],"based":[52],"on":[53],"needs":[54],"required,":[56],"one":[57,123],"which":[58],"relates":[59],"better":[60],"requirements":[64],"traffic.":[67],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"we":[71],"apply":[72],"deep":[73],"learning":[74],"requiring":[78],"different":[79,134],"QoS":[80],"policies.":[83],"We":[84],"propose":[85],"multi-level":[87],"framework":[89],"applying":[90],"new":[92],"data":[93,101,117],"representation":[94,102,118],"method.":[95],"A":[96],"comparison":[97],"between":[98],"proposed":[100,116],"method":[103,107,159],"previous":[106,122],"presented.":[109],"The":[110],"implementation":[111],"results":[112],"show":[113],"that":[114],"model":[119],"outperforms":[120],"promises":[125],"permit":[127],"at":[133],"granularity.":[135],"Recording":[136],"up":[137],"95%":[139],"accuracy":[140],"using":[141],"only":[142],"size,":[144],"interarrival":[145],"time,":[146],"direction,":[147],"transport":[148],"protocol":[149],"first":[152],"16":[153],"packets":[154],"each":[156],"flow,":[157],"our":[158],"can":[160],"be":[161],"employed":[162],"an":[164],"online":[165],"platform.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}