{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215913726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600535","title":"A Preprocessing Approach to Improve the Performance of Inception v3-based Face Shape Classification","display_name":"A Preprocessing Approach to Improve the Performance of Inception v3-based Face Shape Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215913726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600535","mag":"3215913726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044926197","display_name":"Michael Nabil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Nabil","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035701198","display_name":"Mohamed Rady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5745-4538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Rady","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001084631","display_name":"Kareem Moussa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4105-5484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kareem Moussa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014752317","display_name":"Mahmoud Wessam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Wessam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007691691","display_name":"Mohamed Hossam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7247-1713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hossam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089704588","display_name":"Retaj Yousri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Retaj Yousri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Intelligent Networks Center (WINC), Nile University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Intelligent Networks Center (WINC), Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051901856","display_name":"M. Saeed Darweesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-3325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57629906","display_name":"Nile University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg7cp61","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Saeed Darweesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt","Wireless Intelligent Networks Center (WINC), Nile University, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Intelligent Networks Center (WINC), Nile University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044926197"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57629906"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57101307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.76973557472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7655991315841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7470405697822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6885722875595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6805017590522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.5701340436935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5083875060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49986863136291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4861171245574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34868544340133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34663158655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0843099057674408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.76973557472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7655991315841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7470405697822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6885722875595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6805017590522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.5701340436935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5083875060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49986863136291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4861171245574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34868544340133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34663158655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0843099057674408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981573567","https://openalex.org/W2009121412","https://openalex.org/W2324704926","https://openalex.org/W2895080000","https://openalex.org/W2900158802","https://openalex.org/W2990917231","https://openalex.org/W3017339536","https://openalex.org/W3126148498","https://openalex.org/W3159929318","https://openalex.org/W3186784100","https://openalex.org/W4243506948","https://openalex.org/W6770339761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989490741","https://openalex.org/W3092506759","https://openalex.org/W2367545121","https://openalex.org/W4248881655","https://openalex.org/W2482165163","https://openalex.org/W3010890513","https://openalex.org/W120741642","https://openalex.org/W138569904","https://openalex.org/W2390914021","https://openalex.org/W2389417819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0,16],"shape":[1,17],"classification":[2,18],"is":[3],"considered":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,67,85,103],"the":[7,11,32,40,48,54,89,93],"trending":[8],"topics":[9],"in":[10,22,31],"artificial":[12],"intelligence":[13],"research":[14],"field.":[15],"can":[19],"be":[20],"employed":[21,45],"many":[23],"broad-scoped":[24],"projects,":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"hairstyle":[28],"recommendation":[29],"systems":[30],"beauty":[33],"and":[34,75],"fashion":[35],"industry.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"inception":[41],"v3":[42],"model":[43,59,78,91],"was":[44,60,79],"to":[46,92],"reach":[47],"highest":[49],"possible":[50],"performance":[51],"for":[52],"classifying":[53],"different":[55,82],"face":[56],"shapes.":[57],"The":[58,77],"re-trained":[61,80],"after":[62],"applying":[63],"a":[64],"proposed":[65,90],"sequence":[66],"preprocessing":[68],"techniques,":[69],"including":[70],"image":[71],"straightening,":[72],"cropping,":[73],"resizing,":[74],"normalization.":[76],"on":[81],"data":[83],"sizes":[84],"females'":[86],"images.":[87],"Comparing":[88],"other":[94],"state-of-art":[95],"previous":[96],"work":[97],"showed":[98],"an":[99],"outperforming":[100],"testing":[101],"accuracy":[102],"94.3%.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}