{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214794276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600502","title":"High Performance Machine Learning Models for Functional Verification of Hardware Designs","display_name":"High Performance Machine Learning Models for Functional Verification of Hardware Designs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214794276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600502","mag":"3214794276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019499708","display_name":"Khaled A. Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-0854"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khaled A. Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Si- Vision LLC, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Si- Vision LLC, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039330377","display_name":"Mohamed A. Abd El Ghany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-7738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96823368","display_name":"German University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/03rjt0z37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}],"countries":["DE","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Abd El Ghany","raw_affiliation_strings":["German University in Cairo, Egypt, TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German University in Cairo, Egypt, TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96823368","https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019499708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78374209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"15","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7533608675003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.717775821685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6627774834632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.611026406288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5392512083053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.532714307308197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.41566118597984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4135349690914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1295054852962494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1051177978515625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7533608675003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.717775821685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6627774834632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.611026406288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5392512083053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.532714307308197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.41566118597984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4135349690914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1295054852962494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1051177978515625}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/niles53778.2021.9600502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference (NILES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2773069083","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W1910826599","https://openalex.org/W1980100242","https://openalex.org/W2530420969","https://openalex.org/W4224922629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fast":[0],"and":[1,34,68,80,131],"accurate":[2],"Machine":[3],"Learning":[4],"(ML)":[5,20,59,76,83,119],"models":[6,55,84,111],"for":[7,74,121],"predicting":[8],"input":[9,44],"stimulus":[10],"in":[11,16,91],"verification":[12,124],"testbenches":[13],"are":[14,38],"proposed":[15],"this":[17],"paper.":[18],"Multiple":[19],"models:":[21],"Artificial":[22],"Neural":[23,27],"Network":[24,28],"(ANN),":[25],"Deep":[26],"(DNN),":[29],"Support":[30],"Vector":[31],"Regression":[32],"(SVR)":[33],"Decision":[35],"Trees":[36],"(DT)":[37,114],"examined":[39],"to":[40,46,98,104,127],"constrain":[41],"randomization":[42],"of":[43,53,89,94],"values":[45],"hit":[47],"the":[48,54,92,110,116],"planned":[49],"coverage":[50,101],"metrics.":[51],"Accuracy":[52],"is":[56,78,115],"measured":[57],"using":[58],"evaluation":[60],"metrics":[61],"such":[62],"as:":[63],"Mean":[64],"Squared":[65],"Error":[66],"(MSE)":[67],"(R2":[69],"score).":[70],"Training":[71],"time":[72,134],"required":[73],"each":[75],"model":[77,120],"calculated":[79],"compared.":[81],"Investigated":[82],"show":[85],"an":[86],"average":[87],"improvement":[88],"63.5%":[90],"number":[93],"simulation":[95],"cycles":[96],"needed":[97],"reach":[99],"full":[100],"closure":[102],"compared":[103],"existing":[105],"work.":[106],"Comparative":[107],"analysis":[108],"between":[109],"shows":[112],"that":[113],"most":[117],"suitable":[118],"a":[122],"functional":[123],"environment,":[125],"due":[126],"its":[128],"high":[129],"accuracy":[130],"low":[132],"training":[133],"required.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}