{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412109179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nice65350.2025.11065663","title":"A Diagonal Structured State Space Model on Loihi 2 for Efficient Streaming Sequence Processing","display_name":"A Diagonal Structured State Space Model on Loihi 2 for Efficient Streaming Sequence Processing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412109179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nice65350.2025.11065663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nice65350.2025.11065663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nice65350.2025.11065663","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Neuro Inspired Computational Elements (NICE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031710670","display_name":"Svea Marie Meyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svea Marie Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Deutschland GmbH,Intel Labs,Neubiberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Deutschland GmbH,Intel Labs,Neubiberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114412500","display_name":"Philipp Weidel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Weidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Semiconductor AG,Intel Labs,Zurich,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Semiconductor AG,Intel Labs,Zurich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114412501","display_name":"Philipp Plank","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Plank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Austria GmbH,Intel Labs,Villach,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Austria GmbH,Intel Labs,Villach,Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032911379","display_name":"Leobardo Campos\u2010Mac\u00edas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-1790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leobardo Campos-Macias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation,Intel Labs,Santa Clara,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation,Intel Labs,Santa Clara,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118857114","display_name":"Sumit Bam Shreshta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumit Bam Shreshta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation,Intel Labs,Santa Clara,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation,Intel Labs,Santa Clara,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048664627","display_name":"Philipp Stratmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-9159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Stratmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Deutschland GmbH,Intel Labs,Neubiberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Deutschland GmbH,Intel Labs,Neubiberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030666537","display_name":"Jonathan Timcheck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-2668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Timcheck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation,Intel Labs,Santa Clara,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation,Intel Labs,Santa Clara,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017548543","display_name":"Mathis Richter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-9126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathis Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Deutschland GmbH,Intel Labs,Neubiberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Deutschland GmbH,Intel Labs,Neubiberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98278985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.7322289943695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6875689029693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6030324697494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.48936575651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4799771308898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.4242396056652069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2147665023803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1099318265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06447193026542664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.05929651856422424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.7322289943695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6875689029693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6030324697494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.48936575651168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4799771308898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.4242396056652069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2147665023803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1099318265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06447193026542664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.05929651856422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nice65350.2025.11065663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nice65350.2025.11065663","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Neuro Inspired Computational Elements (NICE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2242818861","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3035985817","https://openalex.org/W3064840847","https://openalex.org/W3103682594","https://openalex.org/W3139657805","https://openalex.org/W3179291489","https://openalex.org/W3209374680","https://openalex.org/W3212492847","https://openalex.org/W3213111742","https://openalex.org/W4200271860","https://openalex.org/W4210338699","https://openalex.org/W4210357113","https://openalex.org/W4283461773","https://openalex.org/W4284710558","https://openalex.org/W4290802752","https://openalex.org/W4297941019","https://openalex.org/W4307333438","https://openalex.org/W4322759345","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385805229","https://openalex.org/W4386100686","https://openalex.org/W4389326242","https://openalex.org/W4390777363","https://openalex.org/W4392902951","https://openalex.org/W4392904222","https://openalex.org/W4393145114","https://openalex.org/W4394627396","https://openalex.org/W4399447609","https://openalex.org/W4399758282","https://openalex.org/W4400115802","https://openalex.org/W4401247234","https://openalex.org/W4401608154","https://openalex.org/W4403445269","https://openalex.org/W4409363296","https://openalex.org/W6690026940","https://openalex.org/W6749075489","https://openalex.org/W6779355260","https://openalex.org/W6782420349","https://openalex.org/W6785783668","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6802912272","https://openalex.org/W6809915218","https://openalex.org/W6839235732","https://openalex.org/W6839604567","https://openalex.org/W6841205203","https://openalex.org/W6843735039","https://openalex.org/W6849986583","https://openalex.org/W6859298233","https://openalex.org/W6868988388","https://openalex.org/W6869740245","https://openalex.org/W6873496164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135584473","https://openalex.org/W2964223869","https://openalex.org/W2792539140","https://openalex.org/W2005808740","https://openalex.org/W2295130398","https://openalex.org/W2064951085","https://openalex.org/W2626141450","https://openalex.org/W2810740133","https://openalex.org/W2064919237","https://openalex.org/W4302055909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"unsustainable":[1],"rise":[2],"in":[3,135,195,210,242],"energy":[4,121],"cost":[5],"from":[6],"increasingly":[7],"capable":[8],"deep":[9,18,34,50],"learning":[10,19,35,51],"systems":[11],"spurs":[12],"computer":[13,27,42,60],"architecture":[14,28,61],"innovation":[15],"beyond":[16],"conventional":[17,41,184],"accelerators":[20],"such":[21,163,249],"as":[22,164,171,173,214,250],"GPUs.":[23],"However,":[24],"a":[25,30,58,76,91,97,133,207,215,229],"novel":[26,59],"presents":[29],"problem:":[31],"much":[32],"of":[33,137,167],"research":[36,94],"has":[37],"been":[38],"optimized":[39],"for":[40,71,231,255],"architectures,":[43],"and":[44,111,116,123,127,161,169,185],"the":[45,72,147,165],"extent":[46],"to":[47,88,141,146,158],"which":[48,203,218],"modern":[49],"models":[52,234],"can":[53,81,193],"unlock":[54],"improved":[55,125],"efficiency":[56,84,122],"on":[57,108,129,151,206,223,235],"is":[62,204,221],"not":[63],"well":[64,172],"understood.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"work,":[68],"we":[69,104,219],"demonstrate":[70],"first":[73],"time":[74],"that":[75],"State":[77],"Space":[78],"Model":[79],"(SSM)":[80],"achieve":[82],"substantial":[83,240],"improvement":[85],"when":[86],"mapped":[87],"Loihi":[89,130,224],"2,":[90],"state-of-the-art":[92],"neuromorphic":[93,186,236],"chip,":[95],"versus":[96],"Jetson":[98],"Orin":[99],"Nano":[100],"GPU":[101],"(Jetson).":[102],"Specifically,":[103],"benchmark":[105],"our":[106,156],"SSM":[107],"sMNIST,":[109],"psMNIST,":[110],"sCIFAR":[112],"online":[113,212,246],"token-by-token":[114],"inference":[115,247],"find":[117],"approximately":[118],"1000x":[119],"increased":[120],"75x":[124],"latency":[126],"throughput":[128],"2":[131],"with":[132],"decrease":[134],"accuracy":[136],"less":[138],"than":[139],"one":[140],"three":[142],"percentage":[143],"points":[144],"compared":[145],"full":[148],"precision":[149,175],"implementation":[150,157],"Jetson.":[152],"We":[153],"comprehensively":[154],"tailor":[155],"Loihi-specific":[159],"features":[160],"constraints,":[162],"co-location":[166],"memory":[168],"compute":[170],"fixed":[174],"arithmetic.":[176],"Our":[177],"results":[178],"elucidate":[179],"how":[180],"SSMs":[181,192],"meaningfully":[182],"bridge":[183],"hardware":[187],"via":[188],"their":[189],"dual":[190],"nature:":[191],"operate":[194],"an":[196,211],"offline":[197],"mode":[198,213],"using":[199],"convolution":[200],"or":[201,209,244,253],"scan,":[202],"efficient":[205,222],"GPU,":[208],"recurrent":[216],"network,":[217],"show":[220],"2.":[225],"This":[226],"work":[227],"provides":[228],"foundation":[230],"performant":[232],"sequence":[233],"hardware,":[237],"potentially":[238],"unlocking":[239],"improvements":[241],"latency-sensitive":[243],"energy-limited":[245],"applications,":[248],"speech":[251],"enhancement":[252],"vision":[254],"robotic":[256],"control.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
