{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399531191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nice61972.2024.10548180","title":"Spiking Physics-Informed Neural Networks on Loihi 2","display_name":"Spiking Physics-Informed Neural Networks on Loihi 2","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399531191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nice61972.2024.10548180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nice61972.2024.10548180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nice61972.2024.10548180","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 Neuro Inspired Computational Elements Conference (NICE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2564042","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091043704","display_name":"Bradley H. Theilman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-7631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bradley H. Theilman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories,Albuquerque,NM,USA","Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories,Albuquerque,NM,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401618","display_name":"Qian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1978-9887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University,Division of Applied Mathematics,Providence,RI,USA","Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University,Division of Applied Mathematics,Providence,RI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007794414","display_name":"Adar Kahana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-5037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adar Kahana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University,Division of Applied Mathematics,Providence,RI,USA","Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University,Division of Applied Mathematics,Providence,RI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052883660","display_name":"Eric C. Cyr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3833-9598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric C. Cyr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories,Computational Mathematics,Albuquerque,NM,USA","Computational Mathematics, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories,Computational Mathematics,Albuquerque,NM,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Mathematics, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056314900","display_name":"Nathaniel Trask","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-6380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel Trask","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania,Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics,Philadelphia,PA,USA","Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania,Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics,Philadelphia,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002624302","display_name":"James B. Aimone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-253X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James B. Aimone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories,Albuquerque,NM,USA","Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories,Albuquerque,NM,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009658255","display_name":"George Em Karniadakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9713-7120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Em Karniadakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University,Division of Applied Mathematics and Engineering,Providence,RI,USA","Division of Applied Mathematics and Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University,Division of Applied Mathematics and Engineering,Providence,RI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Applied Mathematics and Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091043704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8061,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71504288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5482608675956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5017530918121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.4709804058074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3256566822528839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24089962244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15553510189056396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5482608675956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5017530918121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.4709804058074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3256566822528839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24089962244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15553510189056396}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nice61972.2024.10548180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nice61972.2024.10548180","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 Neuro Inspired Computational Elements Conference (NICE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2564042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2564042","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2564042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2564042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2564042","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2564042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2209453243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2214935549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","funder_display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G280414146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G288067973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3162564188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3437464539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-NA000352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3540750476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-22-1-2795","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4720003262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4903105778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4947178736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5211897158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5339743583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G648530007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-NA000352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","funder_display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8279418378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-NA0003525","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","funder_display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0012c7r22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399531191.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399531191.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899283552","https://openalex.org/W2979786244","https://openalex.org/W3112657502","https://openalex.org/W3118310857","https://openalex.org/W3214253320","https://openalex.org/W4281382357","https://openalex.org/W4287204036","https://openalex.org/W4386395519","https://openalex.org/W4396690897","https://openalex.org/W6784227514","https://openalex.org/W6794426595","https://openalex.org/W6838329916","https://openalex.org/W6856109184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W3126544799","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neuromorphic":[0],"computing":[1],"platforms":[2],"hold":[3],"the":[4,41,48,64,67,70,113,118,124,130],"promise":[5],"to":[6,33,50,78,83,95,100,105],"dramatically":[7],"reduce":[8],"power":[9],"requirements":[10],"for":[11,143],"calculations":[12],"that":[13,136],"are":[14],"computationally":[15],"intensive.":[16],"One":[17],"such":[18],"application":[19],"space":[20,29],"is":[21,133],"scientific":[22,37],"machine":[23],"learning":[24],"(SciML).":[25],"Techniques":[26],"in":[27],"this":[28,89,137],"use":[30],"neural":[31,44,60],"networks":[32],"approximate":[34],"solutions":[35],"of":[36,66,115,129],"problems.":[38],"For":[39],"instance,":[40],"popular":[42],"physics-informed":[43],"network":[45,86],"(PINN)":[46],"approximates":[47],"solution":[49],"a":[51,57,80,84,140],"partial":[52],"differential":[53],"equation":[54],"by":[55],"using":[56],"trained":[58,81],"feed-forward":[59],"network,":[61],"and":[62,97,126],"injecting":[63],"knowledge":[65],"physics":[68],"through":[69],"loss":[71],"function.":[72],"Recent":[73],"efforts":[74],"have":[75],"demonstrated":[76],"how":[77],"convert":[79],"PINN":[82],"spiking":[85,103],"architecture.":[87],"In":[88],"work,":[90],"we":[91],"discuss":[92],"our":[93,134],"approach":[94],"quantization":[96,116],"implementation":[98],"required":[99],"migrate":[101],"these":[102],"PINNs":[104],"Intel\u2019s":[106],"Loihi":[107],"2":[108],"neuromorphic":[109,148],"hardware.":[110,149],"We":[111],"explore":[112],"effect":[114],"on":[117,147],"model":[119],"accuracy,":[120],"as":[121,123,139],"well":[122],"energy":[125],"throughput":[127],"characteristics":[128],"implementation.":[131],"It":[132],"intent":[135],"serve":[138],"starting":[141],"point":[142],"additional":[144],"SciML":[145],"implementations":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
