{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118745886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2012.6252143","title":"A game theory-based analysis of search engine non-neutral behavior","display_name":"A game theory-based analysis of search engine non-neutral behavior","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118745886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2012.6252143","mag":"2118745886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ngi.2012.6252143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2012.6252143","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th Euro-NF Conference on Next Generation Internet NGI 2012","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075265123","display_name":"Luis Guijarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-9728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Guijarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Val\u00e9ncia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Val\u00e9ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002611857","display_name":"Vicent Pla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-9494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicent Pla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Val\u00e9ncia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Val\u00e9ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079962386","display_name":"Bruno Tuffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9415-1130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133778","display_name":"Centre Inria de l'Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/04040yw90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Tuffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Rennes, France","Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013254170","display_name":"Patrick Maill\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-5948"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Maille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom Bretagne, France","TELECOM Bretagne (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom Bretagne, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TELECOM Bretagne (France)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034149647","display_name":"Pierre Coucheney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133778","display_name":"Centre Inria de l'Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/04040yw90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Coucheney","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Rennes, France","Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64930318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"119","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.7160159945487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6412657499313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6358816027641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-analytics","display_name":"Search analytics","score":0.5907729864120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5404433012008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5109719038009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metasearch-engine","display_name":"Metasearch engine","score":0.5043050050735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.47726649045944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4565022885799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-theory","display_name":"Search theory","score":0.4554133713245392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.44963476061820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22364270687103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.19607588648796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.16894182562828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16361790895462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.15198713541030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11914175748825073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.7160159945487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6412657499313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6358816027641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14838553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441639","display_name":"Search analytics","level":4,"score":0.5907729864120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5404433012008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5109719038009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173979980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114106","display_name":"Metasearch engine","level":4,"score":0.5043050050735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.47726649045944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4565022885799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98306058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3526893","display_name":"Search theory","level":2,"score":0.4554133713245392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.44963476061820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22364270687103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.19607588648796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.16894182562828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16361790895462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.15198713541030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11914175748825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ngi.2012.6252143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2012.6252143","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th Euro-NF Conference on Next Generation Internet NGI 2012","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564326427","https://openalex.org/W1479849316","https://openalex.org/W1984543414","https://openalex.org/W2109100253","https://openalex.org/W2111332562","https://openalex.org/W2153305994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181560882","https://openalex.org/W4206776910","https://openalex.org/W2374021970","https://openalex.org/W2885550273","https://openalex.org/W2185312392","https://openalex.org/W2223855511","https://openalex.org/W2351412568","https://openalex.org/W2222022498","https://openalex.org/W2541377119","https://openalex.org/W4206551437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,61],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"there":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"a":[6,94,107,111,125,141],"rising":[7],"concern":[8,41],"about":[9,19],"the":[10,57,73,79,86,117,134,147],"policy":[11],"of":[12,120,130],"major":[13],"search":[14,44,49,71,80,95,108,135],"engines,":[15],"and":[16,91,110,116],"more":[17],"specifically":[18],"their":[20,35],"ranking":[21],"in":[22,70,82,139],"so-called":[23],"organic":[24],"results":[25,69],"corresponding":[26],"to":[27,48,78,84,88],"keywords":[28],"searches.":[29],"The":[30,40,128],"associated":[31],"proposition":[32],"is":[33,103,122,137,144,155],"that":[34,68],"behavior":[36,67,119,143],"should":[37],"be":[38,89],"regulated.":[39],"comes":[42],"from":[43,56],"bias,":[45],"which":[46],"refers":[47],"rankings":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52],"some":[53],"principle":[54],"different":[55],"expected":[58],"automated":[59],"relevance.":[60],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64],"analyze":[65],"one":[66],"bias:":[72],"payment":[74,154],"by":[75,93,124],"content":[76,112],"providers":[77],"engine":[81,96,109,136],"order":[83],"improve":[85],"chances":[87],"located":[90],"accessed":[92],"user.":[97],"A":[98],"simple":[99],"game":[100],"theory-based":[101],"model":[102],"presented":[104],"where":[105],"both":[106],"provider":[113],"interact":[114],"strategically,":[115],"aggregated":[118],"users":[121],"modeled":[123],"demand":[126],"function.":[127],"utility":[129],"each":[131],"stakeholder":[132],"when":[133,150],"engaged":[138],"such":[140,152],"non-neutral":[142],"compared":[145],"with":[146],"neutral":[148],"case":[149],"no":[151],"side":[153],"present.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}