{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105589527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2009.5175784","title":"Traffic Engineering of Multiple Spanning Tree Routing Networks: the Load Balancing Case","display_name":"Traffic Engineering of Multiple Spanning Tree Routing Networks: the Load Balancing Case","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105589527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2009.5175784","mag":"2105589527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ngi.2009.5175784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2009.5175784","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Next Generation Internet Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053485295","display_name":"Dorabella Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-2222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dorabella Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecommunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecommunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072128869","display_name":"Amaro de Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-1337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amaro de Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es / DETI, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es / DETI, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026501771","display_name":"Filipe Alvelos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-4339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe Alvelos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Algoritmi / Department Produ\u00e7\u00e3o e Sistemas, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Algoritmi / Department Produ\u00e7\u00e3o e Sistemas, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109065477","display_name":"Mateusz Dzida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateusz Dzida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081391892","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Pi\u00f3ro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-9764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Pioro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026376024","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Zago\u017cd\u017con","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Zagozdzon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053485295"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91356212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.7661260366439819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6867478489875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanning-tree","display_name":"Spanning tree","score":0.6312662363052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5468302965164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-spanning-tree","display_name":"Minimum spanning tree","score":0.5267184376716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5115481615066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.48707082867622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4717707633972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steiner-tree-problem","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","score":0.44664886593818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet-flow-control","display_name":"Ethernet flow control","score":0.43901747465133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.41119861602783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32024598121643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.31168460845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2555345296859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15734851360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12569931149482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.08747342228889465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.7661260366439819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6867478489875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64331007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831672","display_name":"Spanning tree","level":2,"score":0.6312662363052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5468302965164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13743678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240464","display_name":"Minimum spanning tree","level":2,"score":0.5267184376716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5115481615066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.48707082867622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4717707633972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76220878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764144","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","level":2,"score":0.44664886593818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68178114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403359","display_name":"Ethernet flow control","level":3,"score":0.43901747465133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.41119861602783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32024598121643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.31168460845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2555345296859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15734851360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12569931149482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.08747342228889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ngi.2009.5175784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2009.5175784","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Next Generation Internet Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5270bc81-b6b9-4011-93f8-3107f2809096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1419888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510987316","https://openalex.org/W1530134914","https://openalex.org/W1605534949","https://openalex.org/W1749481501","https://openalex.org/W1847943130","https://openalex.org/W2007201839","https://openalex.org/W2057347157","https://openalex.org/W2103559421","https://openalex.org/W2106065247","https://openalex.org/W2124668033","https://openalex.org/W2136247396","https://openalex.org/W2140782188","https://openalex.org/W2157349621","https://openalex.org/W2167737690","https://openalex.org/W2396097687","https://openalex.org/W6684494039","https://openalex.org/W6712359245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099915933","https://openalex.org/W2418231958","https://openalex.org/W4380840098","https://openalex.org/W3116169590","https://openalex.org/W1703428550","https://openalex.org/W2044443696","https://openalex.org/W3101281637","https://openalex.org/W2390742649","https://openalex.org/W2184624924","https://openalex.org/W123086213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,16],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,59,75],"optimal":[4,62,78],"load":[5,49,58,74,81],"balancing":[6,50],"in":[7,20],"telecommunication":[8],"networks":[9,23],"based":[10],"on":[11],"multiple":[12],"spanning":[13,30,41],"tree":[14],"routing.":[15],"is":[17],"the":[18,25,40,55,70,84,104,112,115,118,124,133,137],"case":[19,64,72],"switched":[21],"Ethernet":[22],"where":[24],"operator":[26],"configures":[27],"different":[28,119],"routing":[29],"trees":[31],"and":[32,46,82,100,114,122],"assigns":[33],"each":[34,127],"demand":[35],"VLAN":[36],"to":[37,95],"one":[38],"of":[39,54,69,87,117,126,136],"trees.":[42],"We":[43,90],"consider":[44],"modeling":[45],"solving":[47],"three":[48],"objectives:":[51],"(i)":[52],"minimization":[53,68],"average":[56,79],"link":[57,65,73,80,88],"a":[60,76],"guaranteed":[61,77],"worst":[63,71],"load,":[66],"(ii)":[67],"(iii)":[83],"min-max":[85],"optimization":[86,106,134],"loads.":[89],"also":[91],"propose":[92],"heuristic":[93],"techniques":[94,121],"compute":[96],"both":[97,111],"feasible":[98],"solutions":[99],"lower":[101],"bounds":[102],"for":[103],"addressed":[105],"problems.":[107,139],"Finally,":[108],"we":[109],"assess":[110],"efficiency":[113],"efficacy":[116],"solution":[120,129],"compare":[123],"quality":[125],"problem":[128],"taking":[130],"into":[131],"account":[132],"criteria":[135],"other":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
