{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126056958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349506","title":"Scaling-Ops: SLA-Compliant Resource Management via Offline Reinforcement Learning Pipeline","display_name":"Scaling-Ops: SLA-Compliant Resource Management via Offline Reinforcement Learning Pipeline","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126056958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349506"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349506","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002262943","display_name":"Ioannis Kyriakopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2624-4233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Kyriakopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Institute,Patras,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute,Patras,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124244864","display_name":"Dimitrios Selis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Selis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya,Dept. of Signals Theory and Telecommunications,Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya,Dept. of Signals Theory and Telecommunications,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056825446","display_name":"Kostas Ramantas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-784X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163845","display_name":"Iquadrat (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m866204","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163845"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kostas Ramantas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iquadrat Informatica, S.L,Barcelona,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iquadrat Informatica, S.L,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016866376","display_name":"Christos Verikoukis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-1052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Verikoukis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Patras,Dept. of Computer Engineering and Informatics,Patras,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Patras,Dept. of Computer Engineering and Informatics,Patras,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002262943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74995875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.3828999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.3828999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.1395999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.10409999638795853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5455999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.44020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6995999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5455999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68595000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274177","display_name":"Service delivery framework","level":3,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15587899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455812","display_name":"Service system","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57041688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220644","display_name":"Service-oriented architecture","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349506","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.575519859790802}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113924314","https://openalex.org/W3136172274","https://openalex.org/W4308086123"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contemporary":[0],"service":[1,34,62,79,93,118],"architectures":[2,63],"have":[3,52,101],"become":[4,102],"complex":[5,110],"and":[6,26,70,94,112,168,185],"challenging":[7],"to":[8,37,105,108,123,134,141,179],"maintain.":[9],"The":[10,76,127],"continuous":[11,74],"demand":[12,41],"for":[13,60,73,164,174],"high":[14],"performance,":[15],"low-latency":[16],"services":[17],"in":[18,146],"today\u2019s":[19],"intricate":[20],"technological":[21],"landscape":[22],"necessitates":[23],"robust,":[24],"scalable":[25],"resource-efficient":[27],"infrastructures.":[28],"Acknowledging":[29],"the":[30,39,55,71,84,117,136],"challenges":[31],"that":[32],"arise,":[33],"providers":[35,80],"aim":[36],"meet":[38],"growing":[40],"within":[42],"existing":[43],"infrastructure":[44],"by":[45],"employing":[46],"advanced":[47],"cloud":[48],"techniques.":[49],"These":[50],"approaches":[51],"emerged":[53],"at":[54,116],"forefront,":[56],"offering":[57],"streamlined":[58],"solutions":[59,115],"organizing":[61],"while":[64],"contending":[65],"with":[66,121,188],"ongoing":[67],"maintenance":[68],"requirements":[69],"need":[72],"improvement.":[75],"focus":[77],"of":[78,86,130],"has":[81],"shifted":[82],"toward":[83],"integration":[85],"artificial":[87],"intelligence":[88],"(AI),":[89],"both":[90],"as":[91,95,140],"a":[92,96,169],"resource":[97,125,144,166],"orchestrator.":[98],"AI":[99],"models":[100],"popular,":[103],"due":[104],"their":[106],"ability":[107],"identify":[109],"patterns":[111],"propose":[113,154],"optimal":[114,143],"level,":[119],"particularly":[120],"regard":[122],"system":[124,157,181],"utilization.":[126],"primary":[128],"objective":[129],"this":[131],"paper":[132],"is":[133],"tackle":[135],"auto-scaling":[137,162],"problem,":[138],"so":[139],"achieve":[142],"utilization":[145,167],"cloud-edge":[147],"environments,":[148],"using":[149],"reinforcement":[150],"learning":[151],"(RL).":[152],"We":[153],"two":[155],"complementary":[156],"models:":[158],"an":[159],"online":[160],"Kubernetes-based":[161],"model":[163,190],"real-time":[165],"novel":[170],"offline":[171],"RLOps":[172],"pipeline":[173],"training":[175,184],"RL":[176],"models,":[177],"designed":[178],"minimize":[180],"overhead":[182],"during":[183],"accelerate":[186],"experimentation":[187],"multiple":[189],"candidates.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-01T03:34:12.195049","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
