{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126102562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349471","title":"Delay-Sensitive Task Offloading for Emergency Ambulance in Edge-MEC-Cloud Continuum using Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Delay-Sensitive Task Offloading for Emergency Ambulance in Edge-MEC-Cloud Continuum using Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126102562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349471"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349471","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124270563","display_name":"Bhavesh Sonwani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13089092","display_name":"Amsterdam University College","ror":"https://ror.org/03dpjfc73","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13089092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108594","display_name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience","ror":"https://ror.org/01x2d9f70","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bhavesh Sonwani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644","https://openalex.org/I4210108594","https://openalex.org/I13089092","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Henk A. Marquering","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13089092","display_name":"Amsterdam University College","ror":"https://ror.org/03dpjfc73","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13089092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108594","display_name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience","ror":"https://ror.org/01x2d9f70","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henk A. Marquering","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644","https://openalex.org/I4210108594","https://openalex.org/I13089092","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124270563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13089092","https://openalex.org/I4210108594","https://openalex.org/I55106644","https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71485591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8551999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8551999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.04479999840259552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.7498999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6225000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4440999925136566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7577999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.7498999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6225000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984634286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision process","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174988536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318965","display_name":"Dynamic decision-making","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349471","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884729357","https://openalex.org/W2920054549","https://openalex.org/W2988776554","https://openalex.org/W4290928041","https://openalex.org/W4311959771","https://openalex.org/W4319005273","https://openalex.org/W4320029399","https://openalex.org/W4383428300","https://openalex.org/W4384565153","https://openalex.org/W4388240244","https://openalex.org/W4388416126","https://openalex.org/W4394997383","https://openalex.org/W4406019804","https://openalex.org/W4408789915"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,33],"pre-hospital":[1],"emergency":[2],"medicine,":[3],"rapid":[4],"decisions":[5],"are":[6],"critical.":[7],"AI,":[8],"5G,":[9],"and":[10,22,47,56,95,106,124],"IoMT":[11],"can":[12,39],"enhance":[13],"automation,":[14],"but":[15],"limited":[16],"ambulance":[17,51],"edge":[18,52],"resources,":[19],"network":[20],"variability,":[21],"changing":[23],"patient":[24,63,88],"needs":[25],"in":[26,121],"real-time":[27,41,65],"demand":[28],"intelligent":[29],"AI":[30],"task":[31,37,108,125],"offloading.":[32],"such":[34],"scenarios,":[35],"dynamic":[36],"offloading":[38,66,78,101],"optimize":[40],"computation":[42,91],"by":[43],"considering":[44,87],"time":[45],"sensitivity":[46,123],"resource":[48,128],"availability":[49],"across":[50,73],"devices,":[53],"MEC":[54,96],"servers,":[55],"cloud":[57],"servers.":[58],"This":[59],"paper":[60],"presents":[61],"a":[62,83],"acuity-aware":[64],"framework":[67],"using":[68],"Proximal":[69],"Policy":[70],"Optimization":[71],"(PPO)":[72],"the":[74,115],"edge-MEC-cloud":[75],"continuum.":[76],"The":[77],"problem":[79],"is":[80],"modeled":[81],"as":[82],"Markov":[84],"Decision":[85],"Process":[86],"acuity,":[89],"deadlines,":[90],"needs,":[92],"battery,":[93],"network,":[94],"service":[97],"availability.":[98],"Actions":[99],"select":[100],"locations":[102],"to":[103],"minimize":[104],"delays":[105],"maximize":[107],"success.":[109],"Validation":[110],"with":[111],"synthetic":[112],"dataset":[113],"shows":[114],"PPO":[116],"model":[117],"outperforms":[118],"traditional":[119],"algorithms":[120],"delay":[122],"completion":[126],"under":[127],"constraints.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
