{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126042557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349416","title":"Jamming-Resilient Handover Triggering for Programmable 6G Radio Access Networks using Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Jamming-Resilient Handover Triggering for Programmable 6G Radio Access Networks using Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126042557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349416"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349416","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN66355.2025.11349416","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124296355","display_name":"George Amponis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Amponis","raw_affiliation_strings":["K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025891312","display_name":"Panagiotis Radoglou\u2010Grammatikis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-9413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Radoglou-Grammatikis","raw_affiliation_strings":["K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070585894","display_name":"Antonios Sarigiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-4079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Sarigiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021126391","display_name":"\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-8026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Kakamoukas","raw_affiliation_strings":["K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124262493","display_name":"Thomas Boufikos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Boufikos","raw_affiliation_strings":["K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K3Y Ltd,Sofia,Bulgaria,1700","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066475089","display_name":"\u0398\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2 \u039b\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-9794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Lagkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala Campus,Dept. of Informatics,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala Campus,Dept. of Informatics,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118213795","display_name":"Vasileios Argyriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-9465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Argyriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kingston University,Dept. of Networks and Digital Media,London,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kingston University,Dept. of Networks and Digital Media,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037526290","display_name":"Theofano Kollatou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-260X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theofano Kollatou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Macedonia, Campus ZEP Kozani,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kozani,Greece,50100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Macedonia, Campus ZEP Kozani,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kozani,Greece,50100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124187119","display_name":"Panagiotis Sarigiannidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Sarigiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Macedonia, Campus ZEP Kozani,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kozani,Greece,50100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Macedonia, Campus ZEP Kozani,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Kozani,Greece,50100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124296355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64106369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.28850001096725464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.28850001096725464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.10899999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.09969999641180038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.8543000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-handover","display_name":"Soft handover","score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-control","display_name":"Radio control","score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-resource-management","display_name":"Radio resource management","score":0.37529999017715454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.8543000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6331999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6248999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125450847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553982","display_name":"Soft handover","level":3,"score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554876149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436167","display_name":"Radio control","level":2,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12430449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280888","display_name":"Radio Link Protocol","level":3,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101541887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1555675","display_name":"Remote radio head","level":4,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830043","display_name":"Handshake","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507880516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257510","display_name":"Digital radio","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157607044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165851","display_name":"Control channel","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349416","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:18592920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN66355.2025.11349416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:18592920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NFV-SDN66355.2025.11349416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5560902953147888,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2613625031","https://openalex.org/W2962715987","https://openalex.org/W2962855623","https://openalex.org/W3167472015","https://openalex.org/W4285167612","https://openalex.org/W4377009056","https://openalex.org/W4390570709","https://openalex.org/W4405690289","https://openalex.org/W4408223439","https://openalex.org/W4413179206"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resilient":[0],"operation":[1],"under":[2,24],"abrupt":[3],"Radio":[4,115,176],"Frequency":[5],"(RF)":[6],"disruption":[7],"is":[8,122,156],"critical":[9],"for":[10],"next-generation":[11],"cellular":[12],"networks.":[13],"Conventional":[14],"static":[15],"Event-trigger":[16],"handover":[17,27,69],"logic":[18],"creates":[19],"a":[20,45,63,83,91,110,134,165],"fatal":[21],"race":[22],"condition":[23],"jamming:":[25],"the":[26,74,78,126,140,168,191],"command,":[28],"triggered":[29],"by":[30,44],"slow-moving":[31],"Reference":[32],"Signal":[33],"Received":[34],"Power":[35],"(RSRP)":[36],"metrics,":[37],"arrives":[38],"too":[39],"late":[40],"to":[41,158,185],"be":[42,171],"decoded":[43],"User":[46],"Equipment":[47],"(UE)":[48],"whose":[49],"Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise":[50],"Ratio":[51],"(SINR)":[52],"has":[53],"already":[54],"collapsed,":[55],"resulting":[56],"in":[57,125,133,190],"radio-link":[58],"failure.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"proposes":[62],"3rd":[64],"Generation":[65],"Partnership":[66],"Project":[67],"(3GPP)-conformant":[68],"controller":[70,141],"that":[71],"instead":[72],"of":[73,129],"fixed":[75],"rule":[76],"at":[77],"base-station":[79],"mobility":[80,187],"layer":[81],"uses":[82],"Reinforcement":[84],"Learning":[85],"(RL)":[86],"policy.":[87],"The":[88],"agent":[89],"examines":[90],"reduced":[92],"state":[93],"vector,":[94],"discretized":[95],"SINR,":[96],"serving-to-neighbour":[97],"signal":[98],"difference,":[99],"and":[100,108,131,164,182],"Hybrid":[101],"Automatic":[102],"Repeat":[103],"reQuest":[104],"(HARQ)":[105],"error":[106],"density,":[107],"outputs":[109],"binary":[111],"trigger-or-defer":[112],"action;":[113],"no":[114],"Resource":[116],"Control":[117],"(RRC)":[118],"or":[119,150],"core-network":[120],"signalling":[121],"changed.":[123],"Realized":[124],"LENA":[127],"extension":[128],"ns-3":[130],"tested":[132],"multi-cell":[135],"scenario":[136],"with":[137],"on-demand":[138],"interference,":[139],"maintains":[142],"connection":[143],"continuity":[144],"without":[145],"extra":[146],"signalling,":[147],"computational":[148],"overhead":[149],"ping-pong":[151],"behaviour.":[152],"Since":[153],"its":[154],"interface":[155],"restricted":[157],"vendor-agnostic":[159],"Key":[160],"Performance":[161],"Indicators":[162],"(KPIs)":[163],"one-bit":[166],"action,":[167],"mechanism":[169],"can":[170],"encapsulated":[172],"as":[173],"an":[174],"Open":[175],"Access":[177],"Network":[178],"(O-RAN)":[179],"near-real-time":[180],"xApp":[181],"migrated":[183],"as-is":[184],"AI-native":[186],"functions":[188],"anticipated":[189],"future":[192],"radio":[193],"architectures.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-01T03:34:12.195049","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
