{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126039665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349412","title":"A Virtual Quantum Network Prototype for Open Access","display_name":"A Virtual Quantum Network Prototype for Open Access","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126039665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349412"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034487674","display_name":"R Madhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raj Kamleshkumar Madhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NC State University,Department of CS,Raleigh,USA,27606"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NC State University,Department of CS,Raleigh,USA,27606","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119872053","display_name":"Visuttha Manthamkarn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Visuttha Manthamkarn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Department of EECS,Ann Arbor,USA,48109"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Department of EECS,Ann Arbor,USA,48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124251395","display_name":"Zheshen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheshen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Department of EECS,Ann Arbor,USA,48109"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Department of EECS,Ann Arbor,USA,48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073815713","display_name":"Jianqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-015X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NC State University,Department of CS,Raleigh,USA,27606"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NC State University,Department of CS,Raleigh,USA,27606","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034487674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84042299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.3779999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.3779999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.32010000944137573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.05700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-technology","display_name":"Quantum technology","score":0.41690000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.39160001277923584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.41690000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159631557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546066","display_name":"Networking hardware","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91717678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135332","display_name":"Quantum teleportation","level":5,"score":0.26089999079704285}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn66355.2025.11349412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6384071707725525,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003762972","https://openalex.org/W3082558129","https://openalex.org/W3155896897","https://openalex.org/W4312548009","https://openalex.org/W4402508062","https://openalex.org/W4405801991","https://openalex.org/W4407154263"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,137],"rise":[1],"of":[2,50,109,128,165,177],"quantum":[3,18,30,56,69,81,93,112],"networks":[4],"has":[5],"revolutionized":[6],"domains":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9],"communication,":[10],"sensing,":[11],"and":[12,33,58,62,67,89,119,159,168,175],"cybersecurity.":[13],"Despite":[14],"this":[15,75],"progress,":[16],"current":[17],"network":[19,82,113],"systems":[20],"remain":[21],"limited":[22,53],"in":[23],"scale,":[24],"are":[25,44],"highly":[26],"application-specific":[27],"(e.g.,":[28],"for":[29,39],"key":[31],"distribution),":[32],"lack":[34],"a":[35,48,100,110],"clear":[36],"road":[37],"map":[38],"global":[40],"expansion.":[41],"These":[42],"limitations":[43],"largely":[45],"driven":[46],"by":[47,141],"shortage":[49],"skilled":[51],"professionals,":[52],"accessibility":[54],"to":[55,86,124,146],"infrastructure,":[57],"the":[59,105,116,129,143,163,173,178],"high":[60],"complexity":[61],"cost":[63],"associated":[64],"with":[65,92],"building":[66],"operating":[68],"hardware.":[70,94],"To":[71],"address":[72],"these":[73],"challenges,":[74],"paper":[76],"proposes":[77],"an":[78],"open-access":[79],"software-based":[80],"virtualization":[83],"platform":[84],"designed":[85],"facilitate":[87],"scalable":[88],"remote":[90],"interaction":[91],"system":[96],"is":[97,139],"built":[98],"around":[99],"cloud":[101,169],"application":[102],"that":[103],"virtualizes":[104],"core":[106],"hardware":[107],"components":[108],"lab-scale":[111],"testbed,":[114],"including":[115],"time":[117],"tagger":[118],"optical":[120],"switch,":[121],"enabling":[122],"users":[123],"perform":[125],"coincidence":[126],"counts":[127],"photon":[130],"entanglements":[131],"while":[132],"ensuring":[133],"fair":[134],"resource":[135],"allocation.":[136],"fairness":[138],"ensured":[140],"employing":[142],"Hungarian":[144],"Algorithm":[145],"allocate":[147],"nearly":[148],"equal":[149],"effective":[150],"entanglement":[151],"rates":[152],"among":[153],"users.":[154],"We":[155],"provide":[156],"implementation":[157],"details":[158],"performance":[160],"analysis":[161],"from":[162],"perspectives":[164],"hardware,":[166],"software,":[167],"platform,":[170],"which":[171],"demonstrates":[172],"functionality":[174],"efficiency":[176],"developed":[179],"prototype.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
