{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311926441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn56302.2022.9974798","title":"Comparison of UPF acceleration technologies and their tail-latency for URLLC","display_name":"Comparison of UPF acceleration technologies and their tail-latency for URLLC","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311926441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn56302.2022.9974798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn56302.2022.9974798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn56302.2022.9974798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networks (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013459612","display_name":"Justus Rischke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-8156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justus Rischke","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden","Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081396410","display_name":"Christian L. Vielhaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-7283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Vielhaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054986873","display_name":"Peter Sossalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-7581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Sossalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101623461","display_name":"Junyue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6122-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023936439","display_name":"Frank H. P. Fitzek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8469-9573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267400","display_name":"Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop","ror":"https://ror.org/02kfbaj13","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267400","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank H.P. Fitzek","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI)","Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, TU Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7356666326522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7309586405754089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6803910136222839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-processing","display_name":"Packet processing","score":0.6382380723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forwarding-plane","display_name":"Forwarding plane","score":0.6374130845069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.5550480484962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5489473938941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5398648381233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4970403015613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4887251853942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4644918739795685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3706737756729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3227892220020294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3112316131591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09175828099250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08537748456001282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7356666326522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7309586405754089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6803910136222839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7122997","display_name":"Packet processing","level":3,"score":0.6382380723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10597312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473302","display_name":"Forwarding plane","level":3,"score":0.6374130845069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.5550480484962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5489473938941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5398648381233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4970403015613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4887251853942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4644918739795685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3706737756729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3227892220020294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3112316131591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09175828099250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08537748456001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn56302.2022.9974798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn56302.2022.9974798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networks (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G100456731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ID390696704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4014989018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16KIS0956K","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310632","display_name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979866793","https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W2040882418","https://openalex.org/W2203337660","https://openalex.org/W2604420083","https://openalex.org/W2619996235","https://openalex.org/W2744954493","https://openalex.org/W2974985489","https://openalex.org/W2984079836","https://openalex.org/W2990680207","https://openalex.org/W3041609271","https://openalex.org/W3178199963","https://openalex.org/W3185621191","https://openalex.org/W3196647046","https://openalex.org/W3211913575","https://openalex.org/W3214117391","https://openalex.org/W4200266273","https://openalex.org/W4200284427","https://openalex.org/W6780674746","https://openalex.org/W6803862065","https://openalex.org/W6888496682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192984318","https://openalex.org/W2752279300","https://openalex.org/W52714575","https://openalex.org/W2294558967","https://openalex.org/W4301300682","https://openalex.org/W2514783202","https://openalex.org/W2296278067","https://openalex.org/W2795148745","https://openalex.org/W2771789096","https://openalex.org/W2022748185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,12],"industry":[1],"is":[2],"striving":[3],"to":[4],"deploy":[5],"private":[6],"cellular":[7],"networks":[8],"in":[9,42,99],"their":[10,85],"factories.":[11],"envisioned":[13],"use":[14],"cases,":[15],"such":[16,78],"as":[17,79],"industrial":[18],"automation,":[19],"require":[20],"Ultra-Reliable":[21],"and":[22,36,46,82,84,152],"Low-Latency":[23],"Communications":[24],"(URLLC).":[25],"In":[26,68],"5G,":[27],"the":[28,40,92,147],"User":[29],"Plane":[30],"Function":[31],"(UPF)":[32],"handles":[33],"user":[34],"traffic":[35],"hence":[37],"significantly":[38],"influences":[39],"performance":[41],"terms":[43,100],"of":[44,95,101,104,110,132,138],"latency":[45],"throughput.":[47],"However,":[48],"present":[49],"UPFs":[50],"are":[51],"often":[52],"user-space":[53],"applications":[54],"running":[55],"on":[56,142],"commercial":[57],"off-the-shelf":[58],"(COTS)":[59],"servers":[60],"introducing":[61],"computational":[62],"delays":[63],"that":[64,119],"follow":[65],"long-tailed":[66],"distributions.":[67],"this":[69],"work,":[70],"we":[71,116,145],"compare":[72],"modern":[73],"packet":[74,155],"processing":[75,156],"acceleration":[76],"technologies":[77],"XDP,":[80],"DPDK,":[81],"P4":[83,97],"respective":[86],"tail-latency":[87,103],"performance.":[88],"Our":[89],"results":[90],"demonstrate":[91,118],"clear":[93],"advantage":[94],"hardware-based":[96,125,154],"implementations":[98],"reduced":[102],"about":[105],"6\u03bc8":[106],"at":[107,135],"a":[108,136],"percentile":[109,137],"99.999%":[111],"for":[112],"small":[113],"packets.":[114],"Furthermore,":[115],"also":[117],"software-based":[120],"frameworks":[121],"can":[122],"compete":[123],"with":[124],"approaches.":[126],"For":[127],"example,":[128],"DPDK":[129],"achieves":[130],"tail-latencies":[131],"approximately":[133],"23\u03bc8":[134],"99.999":[139],"%.":[140],"Based":[141],"our":[143],"findings,":[144],"illustrate":[146],"trade-offs":[148],"between":[149],"low-cost":[150],"software-":[151],"high-performant":[153],"systems.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
