{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2613205715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn.2016.7919479","title":"A comparison of SDN and NFV for re-designing the LTE Packet Core","display_name":"A comparison of SDN and NFV for re-designing the LTE Packet Core","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2613205715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn.2016.7919479","mag":"2613205715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn.2016.7919479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn.2016.7919479","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networks (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862140","display_name":"Aman Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5734-8065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aman Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075479783","display_name":"N. Sadagopan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadagopan N S","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004781186","display_name":"Sunny Kumar Lohani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunny Kumar Lohani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005539276","display_name":"Mythili Vutukuru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0039-595X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mythili Vutukuru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101862140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97462428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9614999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.774565577507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.6239416003227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6207756400108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.575974702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5574726462364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.5474964380264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.49281981587409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.47853192687034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-processing","display_name":"Packet processing","score":0.47194117307662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.4271901845932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36571550369262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3515869379043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22757378220558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.12629976868629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-station","display_name":"Mobile station","score":0.09684598445892334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.774565577507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.6239416003227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6207756400108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.575974702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5574726462364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.5474964380264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.49281981587409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.47853192687034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7122997","display_name":"Packet processing","level":3,"score":0.47194117307662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.4271901845932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36571550369262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3515869379043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22757378220558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.12629976868629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.09684598445892334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nfv-sdn.2016.7919479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nfv-sdn.2016.7919479","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networks (NFV-SDN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495097849","https://openalex.org/W1967912924","https://openalex.org/W1968366606","https://openalex.org/W1977985336","https://openalex.org/W1980959920","https://openalex.org/W2143298268","https://openalex.org/W2146678500","https://openalex.org/W2521222097","https://openalex.org/W2537649431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361361118","https://openalex.org/W2087937280","https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2385146268","https://openalex.org/W1596010778","https://openalex.org/W4310607303","https://openalex.org/W2240063513","https://openalex.org/W3010663160","https://openalex.org/W2765557566","https://openalex.org/W3213909039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,94,129],"an":[1,117,227,262],"increase":[2,84],"in":[3,112,254],"the":[4,60,91,96,102,113,124,131,137,170,179,189,198,207,218,241,244,249,252,255,259,266],"number":[5],"of":[6,56,101,193,197,217,265,317],"mobile":[7,11,57,318],"users":[8],"and":[9,22,33,35,40,70,87,98,116,126,143,156,166,191,206,212,302,308],"traffic,":[10,238,277],"network":[12,27,85,120],"operators":[13],"are":[14,29,36,75,281],"finding":[15],"it":[16],"difficult":[17,37],"to":[18,31,38,52,83,122,163,168,177,300],"scale":[19],"their":[20],"radio":[21],"core":[23,104,119,139,321],"networks.":[24,322],"Further,":[25],"hardware":[26,133],"appliances":[28],"expensive":[30],"procure":[32],"upgrade,":[34],"adapt":[39],"program":[41],"for":[42,233,271,285,314],"new":[43,180],"services.":[44],"These":[45],"trends":[46],"have":[47],"recently":[48],"spurred":[49],"several":[50,160,304],"efforts":[51],"redesign":[53,169],"various":[54,132,183],"components":[55,134],"networks,":[58],"including":[59],"LTE":[61,199],"Evolved":[62],"Packet":[63],"Core":[64],"(EPC).":[65],"Software":[66],"Defined":[67],"Networking":[68],"(SDN)":[69],"Network":[71],"Functions":[72],"Virtualization":[73],"(NFV)":[74],"two":[76,194,219],"popular":[77],"emerging":[78],"networking":[79],"paradigms":[80],"that":[81,135,226,294],"aim":[82],"flexibility":[86],"scalability,":[88],"while":[89],"reducing":[90],"overall":[92],"cost.":[93],"SDN,":[95],"control":[97],"data":[99,114,275,319],"planes":[100],"packet":[103,110,138,286,320],"can":[105,140,297,309],"be":[106,141,298],"separated,":[107],"enabling":[108,150],"cheaper":[109],"gateways":[111],"plane,":[115],"intelligent":[118],"controller":[121,246],"handle":[123],"signaling":[125,237],"management":[127],"functions.":[128],"NFV,":[130,211],"comprise":[136],"virtualized":[142,289],"run":[144],"as":[145,153,311],"software":[146,290],"on":[147,182,203,210],"a":[148,214,312],"cloud,":[149],"benefits":[151],"such":[152,305],"elastic":[154],"scaling":[155],"quick":[157],"innovation.":[158],"While":[159],"proposals":[161],"exist":[162],"use":[164],"SDN":[165,204,245,279],"NFV":[167],"EPC,":[171,200],"there":[172],"is":[173,230,268],"no":[174],"common":[175],"framework":[176,296],"compare":[178,303],"designs":[181],"performance":[184,215],"metrics.":[185],"This":[186],"paper":[187],"presents":[188,213],"design":[190,264,306],"evaluation":[192],"open-source":[195],"implementations":[196],"one":[201],"based":[202,209],"principles":[205],"other":[208,260],"comparison":[216],"approaches.":[220],"Experiments":[221],"with":[222,235,243,273],"our":[223,295],"prototype":[224],"show":[225],"NFV-based":[228],"implementation":[229],"better":[231,269],"suited":[232,270],"networks":[234,272],"high":[236,274],"because":[239,278],"handling":[240],"communication":[242],"quickly":[247],"becomes":[248],"bottleneck":[250],"at":[251],"switches":[253,280],"SDN-based":[256,263],"EPC.":[257],"On":[258],"hand,":[261],"EPC":[267],"plane":[276],"often":[282],"more":[283],"optimized":[284],"forwarding":[287],"than":[288],"appliances.":[291],"We":[292],"believe":[293],"used":[299],"develop":[301],"alternatives,":[307],"serve":[310],"guide":[313],"future":[315],"redesigns":[316]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}