{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7076250128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/newcas64648.2025.11107057","title":"Gated Ring Oscillator-Based Time-to-Digital Converter for Event-Triggered Sensing Applications","display_name":"Gated Ring Oscillator-Based Time-to-Digital Converter for Event-Triggered Sensing Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7076250128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/newcas64648.2025.11107057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/newcas64648.2025.11107057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/newcas64648.2025.11107057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 23rd IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/13a3e1fc-249f-4c93-92f2-815df0965da1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmed M. Mohey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Mohey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marko Kosunen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Kosunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jussi Ryyn\u00e4nen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jussi Ryyn\u00e4nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martin Andraud","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Andraud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54911932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"118","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13370","display_name":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13370","display_name":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.027799999341368675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14111","display_name":"Diverse Research Studies Overview","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation","display_name":"Dissipation","score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.36169999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6438999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99594498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434524","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","level":4,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97039730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552565","display_name":"Pulsed power","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/newcas64648.2025.11107057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/newcas64648.2025.11107057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 23rd IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/138344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/13a3e1fc-249f-4c93-92f2-815df0965da1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:310902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/310902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/138344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/13a3e1fc-249f-4c93-92f2-815df0965da1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.90736985206604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970702866","https://openalex.org/W1981151840","https://openalex.org/W2096434843","https://openalex.org/W2140823559","https://openalex.org/W2141963277","https://openalex.org/W2166115090","https://openalex.org/W2172236250","https://openalex.org/W2314916716","https://openalex.org/W2613688445","https://openalex.org/W2900806108","https://openalex.org/W2946304063","https://openalex.org/W3043412922","https://openalex.org/W3044117671","https://openalex.org/W3107699292","https://openalex.org/W4220893703","https://openalex.org/W4312248179","https://openalex.org/W4404520522","https://openalex.org/W4405487985"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114,141,153,182],"requirements":[1],"for":[2,11,68,192],"high-performance":[3],"and":[4,27,56,111,120,126,138,156],"lowpower":[5],"sensing":[6,48,110],"applications":[7,49],"have":[8,42],"recently":[9],"pushed":[10],"utilizing":[12],"time-based":[13,16],"approaches.":[14],"Indeed,":[15],"circuits,":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"time-to-digital":[20],"converters":[21],"(TDCs),":[22],"benefit":[23],"from":[24,81],"technology":[25],"scaling":[26],"improved":[28],"time":[29,58,180],"resolution":[30],"with":[31,135,175,191],"their":[32,52],"highly":[33],"digital":[34],"nature.":[35],"For":[36],"instance,":[37],"ring-oscillator":[38],"(RO)":[39],"based":[40],"TDCs":[41],"received":[43],"significant":[44],"interest":[45],"in":[46,76,85],"embedded":[47],"due":[50,88],"to":[51,89,107,187],"simplicity":[53],"of":[54,167],"operation":[55,189],"low":[57],"resolution.":[59,181],"However,":[60],"current":[61],"RO-based":[62],"topologies":[63],"are":[64,160],"not":[65],"always":[66],"suited":[67],"eventtriggered":[69],"operations":[70,134],"because":[71],"they":[72],"consume":[73],"high":[74],"power":[75,129,183],"freerunning":[77],"mode,":[78],"or":[79,93],"suffer":[80],"several":[82],"implementation":[83],"challenges":[84],"gated":[86],"mode":[87],"charge":[90,137],"sharing,":[91],"leakage":[92],"sampling":[94,139],"errors.":[95,140],"To":[96],"tackle":[97],"these":[98],"challenges,":[99],"this":[100],"work":[101],"proposes":[102],"an":[103],"event-based":[104,133],"GRO":[105,116],"TDC,":[106],"target":[108],"low-power":[109],"radar":[112],"applications.":[113],"proposed":[115],"TDC's":[117],"differential":[118,155],"topology":[119],"gating":[121],"mechanisms":[122],"maintain":[123],"the":[124,188],"performance":[125],"significantly":[127],"reduce":[128],"consumption,":[130],"enabling":[131],"efficient":[132],"negligible":[136],"TDC":[142],"is":[143,173,185],"implemented":[144],"in$65-\\text{nm}$technology,":[145],"occupying$100":[146],"\\mu":[147,151,194],"\\mathrm{m}":[148],"\\times":[149],"147":[150],"\\mathrm{m}$.":[152],"oscillator's":[154],"integral":[157],"non-linearity":[158],"errors":[159],"kept":[161],"below":[162],"0.17":[163],"LSB.":[164],"An":[165],"SNDR":[166],"53.9":[168],"dB":[169],"at":[170],"50":[171],"kHz":[172],"achieved":[174],"a":[176],"115":[177],"ps":[178],"raw":[179],"dissipation":[184],"proportional":[186],"frequency,":[190],"instance$45.82":[193],"\\mathrm{W}$at":[195],"1":[196],"MHz.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}