{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029564271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/newcas.2012.6329022","title":"Backside-illumination 14µm-pixel QVGA time-of-flight CMOS imager","display_name":"Backside-illumination 14µm-pixel QVGA time-of-flight CMOS imager","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029564271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/newcas.2012.6329022","mag":"2029564271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/newcas.2012.6329022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/newcas.2012.6329022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10th IEEE International NEWCAS Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109231504","display_name":"Min Seok Oh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Seok Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036929897","display_name":"Hae Kyung Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hae Kyung Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060981367","display_name":"Han Soo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-0317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Soo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077531335","display_name":"Kyung Il Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-7419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Il Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004443230","display_name":"Kwang Hyuk Bae","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang Hyuk Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062857940","display_name":"Soo Bang Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo Bang Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018383718","display_name":"Sung Kwan Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Kwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041131874","display_name":"Moo Sup Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moo Sup Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102087880","display_name":"Jung Chak Ahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung Chak Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086660088","display_name":"Tae Chan Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae Chan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004041535","display_name":"Goto Hiroshige","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goto Hiroshige","raw_affiliation_strings":["System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063747247","display_name":"Seoung Hyun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seoung Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Hwasung, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Hwasung, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109111847","display_name":"Dong Ki Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Ki Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Hwasung, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Hwasung, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091843660","display_name":"YongJei Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-2079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Jei Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Hwasung, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Hwasung, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109231504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0743,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90389917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"325","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7793567776679993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.6221594214439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6141241788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5820189714431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5642178058624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-efficiency","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","score":0.5119796991348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-sensor","display_name":"CMOS sensor","score":0.5077577829360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5055642127990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.49347031116485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.4662320613861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.39016446471214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.38901668787002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32706981897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13155320286750793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7793567776679993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.6221594214439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6141241788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5820189714431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5642178058624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900625","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5119796991348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210745","display_name":"CMOS sensor","level":3,"score":0.5077577829360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5055642127990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.49347031116485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4662320613861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39016446471214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.38901668787002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32706981897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13155320286750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/newcas.2012.6329022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/newcas.2012.6329022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10th IEEE International NEWCAS Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975328031","https://openalex.org/W2007933765","https://openalex.org/W2027911527","https://openalex.org/W2038643807","https://openalex.org/W2131010094","https://openalex.org/W2528611534","https://openalex.org/W6657388180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2659908032","https://openalex.org/W2789062182","https://openalex.org/W1966119149","https://openalex.org/W2900799054","https://openalex.org/W2099015120","https://openalex.org/W2466718138","https://openalex.org/W2347245756","https://openalex.org/W2351312630","https://openalex.org/W2028671992","https://openalex.org/W3139631222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,12,93],"BSI(backside-illumination)":[4],"14\u00b5m-pixel":[5],"QVGA":[6],"CMOS":[7],"image":[8],"sensor":[9],"SOC(System":[10],"On":[11],"Chip)":[13],"measuring":[14],"TOF(Time-Of-Flight)":[15],"by":[16,32],"20MHz-intensity":[17],"modulation":[18],"of":[19,24,51,56,78],"850nm-wavelength":[20,29],"light.":[21],"The":[22,38],"34%":[23],"overall":[25],"QE(Quantum":[26],"Efficiency)":[27],"at":[28,66],"is":[30,46,61,72,80,99],"acquired":[31],"BSI":[33],"structure":[34],"and":[35,53],"optimized":[36],"micro-lens.":[37],"DE(Depth":[39],"Error)":[40],"less":[41],"than":[42],"1.5%":[43],"within":[44],"6m":[45],"achieved":[47],"with":[48],"imaging":[49],"lens":[50],"f/1.2":[52],"LED":[54],"array":[55],"which":[57],"the":[58,69,76],"optical":[59],"intensity":[60],"0.6W/m":[62],"2":[65],"1m-distance.":[67],"Additionally,":[68],"depth":[70],"linearity":[71],"measured":[73],"as":[74],"that":[75],"coefficient":[77],"determination":[79],"equal":[81],"to":[82,86],"0.9999.":[83],"In":[84],"order":[85],"operate":[87],"under":[88],"background":[89],"light":[90],"illumination":[91],"on":[92],"scene,":[94],"dual":[95],"CG(Conversion":[96],"Gain)":[97],"scheme":[98],"implemented":[100],"in":[101],"each":[102],"pixel.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}