{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186279588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/netsoft51509.2021.9492579","title":"SafeLib: a practical library for outsourcing stateful network functions securely","display_name":"SafeLib: a practical library for outsourcing stateful network functions securely","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186279588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/netsoft51509.2021.9492579","mag":"3186279588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/netsoft51509.2021.9492579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/netsoft51509.2021.9492579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 7th International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2989816","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079723219","display_name":"Enio Marku","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enio Marku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Information Security and Communication Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Information Security and Communication Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002026615","display_name":"Gergely Bicz\u00f3k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-3855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gergely Biczok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest Univ. of Technology and Economics (BME),CrySyS Lab,Dept. of Networked Systems and Services"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest Univ. of Technology and Economics (BME),CrySyS Lab,Dept. of Networked Systems and Services","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091630171","display_name":"Colin Boyd","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Boyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Information Security and Communication Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology (NTNU),Dept. of Information Security and Communication Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"244","last_page":"252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateful-firewall","display_name":"Stateful firewall","score":0.9335989356040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7275882959365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6755263209342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.6690044403076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5938397645950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.44480520486831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.37676846981048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34915751218795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.25761643052101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12362629175186157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.9335989356040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7275882959365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6755263209342957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6690044403076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5938397645950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44480520486831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.37676846981048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34915751218795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.25761643052101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12362629175186157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/netsoft51509.2021.9492579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/netsoft51509.2021.9492579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 7th International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2989816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2989816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"244-252","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2989816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2989816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"244-252","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1424350945","https://openalex.org/W2013704995","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2036329595","https://openalex.org/W2061643296","https://openalex.org/W2062805799","https://openalex.org/W2080046268","https://openalex.org/W2105545278","https://openalex.org/W2112735498","https://openalex.org/W2142972529","https://openalex.org/W2312902414","https://openalex.org/W2561955909","https://openalex.org/W2599271776","https://openalex.org/W2600318748","https://openalex.org/W2605470470","https://openalex.org/W2612012086","https://openalex.org/W2734383261","https://openalex.org/W2741593962","https://openalex.org/W2786855176","https://openalex.org/W2790063371","https://openalex.org/W2799154389","https://openalex.org/W2893299337","https://openalex.org/W2904364493","https://openalex.org/W2943715367","https://openalex.org/W2966910544","https://openalex.org/W2969242957","https://openalex.org/W2970364784","https://openalex.org/W2997947960","https://openalex.org/W3015399395","https://openalex.org/W3047708329","https://openalex.org/W4288247330","https://openalex.org/W4294145185","https://openalex.org/W6628430602","https://openalex.org/W6636548729","https://openalex.org/W6730426483","https://openalex.org/W6742578501","https://openalex.org/W6748861093","https://openalex.org/W6751063601","https://openalex.org/W6762770144","https://openalex.org/W6767207705","https://openalex.org/W6775929233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2583381754","https://openalex.org/W2144255176","https://openalex.org/W2222333653","https://openalex.org/W109977192","https://openalex.org/W1970797462","https://openalex.org/W2566747981","https://openalex.org/W4312120139","https://openalex.org/W2342453732","https://openalex.org/W2809541058","https://openalex.org/W2590022098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"recent":[1],"trend":[2],"is":[3,23,44],"to":[4,10,30,39,47,151,155],"outsource":[5],"virtual":[6],"network":[7],"functions":[8],"(VNFs)":[9],"a":[11,17,78,143],"third-party":[12],"service":[13],"provider,":[14],"such":[15,31],"as":[16],"public":[18],"cloud.":[19],"Since":[20],"the":[21],"cloud":[22],"usually":[24],"not":[25],"trusted,":[26],"redirecting":[27],"enterprise":[28,41,113],"traffic":[29],"an":[32],"entity":[33],"introduces":[34,142],"security":[35,67,161],"concerns.":[36],"In":[37],"addition":[38],"protecting":[40],"traffic,":[42,115],"it":[43],"also":[45,148],"desirable":[46],"protect":[48],"VNF":[49,116,119,128],"code,":[50,120],"policies":[51,117],"and":[52,110,118,121,141,162],"states.":[53],"Existing":[54],"outsourcing":[55,82],"solutions":[56],"fall":[57],"short":[58],"in":[59],"either":[60],"supporting":[61],"stateful":[62,93],"VNFs,":[63,94],"catering":[64],"for":[65,92,97,112,126,138],"all":[66],"requirements,":[68],"or":[69],"providing":[70],"adequate":[71],"performance.In":[72],"this":[73],"paper":[74],"we":[75],"present":[76],"SafeLib,":[77],"trusted":[79],"hardware":[80],"based":[81],"solution":[83],"built":[84],"on":[85],"Intel":[86],"SGX.":[87],"SafeLib":[88,135,154],"provides":[89],"i)":[90],"support":[91,96],"ii)":[95],"illegal":[98],"SGX":[99],"instructions":[100],"by":[101],"integrating":[102],"Graphene-SGX,":[103],"iii)":[104],"protection":[105],"of":[106,124],"both":[107],"packet":[108],"headers":[109],"payload":[111],"user":[114],"iv)":[122],"integration":[123],"libVNF":[125],"streamlined":[127],"development.":[129],"Our":[130],"performance":[131,145,163],"evaluation":[132],"shows":[133],"that":[134],"scales":[136],"properly":[137],"multiple":[139],"cores,":[140],"reasonable":[144],"overhead.":[146],"We":[147],"outline":[149],"plans":[150],"further":[152],"improve":[153],"satisfy":[156],"even":[157],"more":[158],"stringent":[159],"functional,":[160],"requirements.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}