{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170346788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441469","title":"Focus and Concentrate! Exploring the Use of Conversational Robot to Improve Self-Learning Performance during Pandemic Isolation by Closed-Loop Brainwave Neurofeedback","display_name":"Focus and Concentrate! Exploring the Use of Conversational Robot to Improve Self-Learning Performance during Pandemic Isolation by Closed-Loop Brainwave Neurofeedback","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170346788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441469","mag":"3170346788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441469","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048708060","display_name":"Ker-Jiun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ker-Jiun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069263822","display_name":"Midori Sugaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-5913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171481255","display_name":"Shibaura Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020wjcq07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Midori Sugaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171481255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49088134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"928","last_page":"932"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7114132642745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurofeedback","display_name":"Neurofeedback","score":0.6271873116493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5579779744148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism","display_name":"Autism","score":0.5579236149787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5376241207122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5145294070243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4867722988128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.47517579793930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.45396551489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4468989670276642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.43362730741500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4195706248283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3485325276851654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3464570641517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.22553706169128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.17006635665893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.14705818891525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09986627101898193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7114132642745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2434490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306920","display_name":"Neurofeedback","level":3,"score":0.6271873116493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5579779744148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.5579236149787903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5376241207122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5145294070243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4867722988128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.47517579793930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.45396551489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4468989670276642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.43362730741500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4195706248283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3485325276851654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3464570641517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.22553706169128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.17006635665893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.14705818891525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09986627101898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441469","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976015523","https://openalex.org/W2921773252","https://openalex.org/W3036175016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W584617046","https://openalex.org/W2610684117","https://openalex.org/W4242535509","https://openalex.org/W3094373193","https://openalex.org/W3164036361","https://openalex.org/W4312726190","https://openalex.org/W2048874067","https://openalex.org/W2768363770","https://openalex.org/W2426762202","https://openalex.org/W2050832787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"Human-Robot":[1],"Interaction":[2],"(HRI)":[3],"researchers":[4],"have":[5],"paid":[6],"lots":[7],"of":[8,40,59,75,118,207],"attentions":[9],"on":[10,198],"the":[11,23,51,57,73,80,109,116,130,138,145,170,175,187,199],"conversational":[12,61,119],"robots":[13,42,86],"that":[14,186],"can":[15],"provide":[16],"didactic":[17],"or":[18],"pedagogy":[19],"teachings,":[20],"especially":[21],"for":[22,43],"children":[24],"and":[25,34,38,77,90,144,168,191],"young":[26],"adolescents":[27],"with":[28,68,121,174],"cognitive":[29],"disabilities,":[30],"such":[31,41,85],"as":[32,125],"autism":[33],"epilepsy.":[35],"The":[36,183],"research":[37],"developments":[39],"educational":[44],"purposes":[45],"are":[46,140,147,194],"investigated":[47],"intensively.":[48],"Above":[49],"all":[50],"difficult":[52],"challenges,":[53],"how":[54],"to":[55,71,83,107,128,142,164,179],"evaluate":[56],"effectiveness":[58],"a":[60,65,69],"robot,":[62],"which":[63,161],"mimics":[64],"teacher":[66],"communicating":[67],"student,":[70],"improve":[72,129],"performance":[74,132],"learning":[76,200],"studying,":[78],"is":[79],"key":[81],"factor":[82],"deploy":[84],"in":[87,100,150],"our":[88],"society":[89],"be":[91],"widely":[92],"adopted.":[93],"However,":[94],"we":[95],"haven't":[96],"seen":[97],"much":[98],"investigation":[99],"previous":[101],"literatures":[102],"so":[103],"far.":[104],"In":[105],"order":[106],"bridge":[108],"gap,":[110],"this":[111],"preliminary":[112],"study":[113],"had":[114,154,172],"explored":[115],"use":[117],"robot":[120,171,190],"electroencephalogram":[122],"(EEG)":[123],"biosignals":[124],"evidence":[126],"measurements":[127],"self-learning":[131],"during":[133],"COVID-19":[134],"pandemic":[135],"crisis,":[136],"while":[137],"schools":[139],"forced":[141],"close,":[143],"students":[146,176],"inevitably":[148],"segregated":[149],"social":[151],"isolations.":[152],"We":[153],"collected":[155],"10":[156],"student":[157],"participants'":[158],"EEG":[159],"data,":[160],"were":[162],"calculated":[163],"find":[165],"concentration":[166,181],"levels,":[167],"then":[169],"conversations":[173,188],"adaptively":[177],"according":[178],"his/her":[180,205],"levels.":[182],"result":[184],"showed":[185],"between":[189],"humans,":[192],"who":[193],"constantly":[195],"not":[196],"concentrating":[197],"tasks,":[201],"could":[202],"effectively":[203],"increase":[204],"level":[206],"concentrations.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}