{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172208916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441135","title":"A Comparison Study of Single- and Multiple-Target Stimulation Methods for Eliciting Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials","display_name":"A Comparison Study of Single- and Multiple-Target Stimulation Methods for Eliciting Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172208916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441135","mag":"3172208916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441135","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015214947","display_name":"Chuyang Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuyang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068169880","display_name":"Kuan-Jung Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-071X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Jung Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007114409","display_name":"Masaki Nakanishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-072X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Nakanishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055443847","display_name":"Tzyy\u2010Ping Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzyy-Ping Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015214947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0587359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":null,"first_page":"698","last_page":"701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6763619184494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canonical-correlation","display_name":"Canonical correlation","score":0.5915912389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-evoked-potentials","display_name":"Visual evoked potentials","score":0.5895850658416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5809592604637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evoked-potential","display_name":"Evoked potential","score":0.5669431686401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.5595974922180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5506148934364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.529222309589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4726250171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4089038074016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18133339285850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.15353217720985413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6763619184494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153874254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115542","display_name":"Canonical correlation","level":2,"score":0.5915912389755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018323323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618678","display_name":"Visual evoked potentials","level":2,"score":0.5895850658416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5809592604637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618678","display_name":"Evoked potential","level":2,"score":0.5669431686401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5595974922180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5506148934364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.529222309589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4726250171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4089038074016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18133339285850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.15353217720985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441135","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3672880720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-10-2-0022,W911NF2020088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320373","display_name":"National Stroke Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/004ckc033"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964019392","https://openalex.org/W1968916327","https://openalex.org/W1990947104","https://openalex.org/W1994855515","https://openalex.org/W2051360945","https://openalex.org/W2056738334","https://openalex.org/W2098725211","https://openalex.org/W2105478324","https://openalex.org/W2121538726","https://openalex.org/W2132876794","https://openalex.org/W2143183535","https://openalex.org/W2329154612","https://openalex.org/W2605492512","https://openalex.org/W2901781320","https://openalex.org/W2950675048","https://openalex.org/W3149679044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2321737855","https://openalex.org/W2293800410","https://openalex.org/W3183638985","https://openalex.org/W1991496323","https://openalex.org/W4320021951","https://openalex.org/W2216848651","https://openalex.org/W3149578378","https://openalex.org/W3022635403","https://openalex.org/W2111017359","https://openalex.org/W2367437682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"visual":[1,10],"stimulator":[2],"plays":[3],"an":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,70],"a":[8,27,77],"steady-state":[9],"evoked":[11],"potential":[12],"(SSVEP)-based":[13],"braincomputer":[14],"interface":[15],"(BCI).":[16],"In":[17],"conventional":[18],"BCI":[19],"studies,":[20],"SSVEPs":[21,51,89],"have":[22],"been":[23,46],"elicited":[24],"by":[25,53,91,100],"either":[26],"single":[28],"stimulus":[29],"whose":[30],"flickering":[31,39],"frequency":[32],"varies":[33],"across":[34],"trials":[35],"or":[36],"multiple":[37],"stimuli":[38],"at":[40],"different":[41],"frequencies":[42],"simultaneously.":[43],"It":[44],"has":[45,65],"implicitly":[47],"assumed":[48],"that":[49,128],"the":[50,54,129],"generated":[52,90],"single-":[55],"and":[56,84,113,118,138],"multiple-target":[57],"stimulation":[58,131],"methods":[59,115],"are":[60],"comparable.":[61],"However,":[62],"no":[63],"study":[64],"directly":[66],"compared":[67],"their":[68],"efficacy":[69],"eliciting":[71],"SSVEPs.":[72],"This":[73],"study,":[74],"therefore,":[75],"performed":[76],"quantitative":[78],"comparison":[79],"of":[80],"signal-to-noise":[81],"ratio":[82],"(SNR)":[83],"classification":[85,96,139],"accuracy":[86,97,140],"using":[87],"4-class":[88],"these":[92],"two":[93],"methods.":[94],"The":[95,125],"was":[98],"estimated":[99],"three":[101],"commonly-used":[102],"target":[103],"identification":[104],"algorithms":[105],"including":[106],"calibration-free":[107],"canonical":[108],"correlation":[109],"analysis":[110,121],"(CCA)-based":[111],"method":[112,132],"template-based":[114],"with":[116],"CCA-":[117],"task-related":[119],"component":[120],"(TRCA)-based":[122],"spatial":[123],"filters.":[124],"results":[126],"showed":[127],"single-target":[130],"led":[133],"to":[134],"significantly":[135],"higher":[136],"SNR":[137],"than":[141],"its":[142],"multi-target":[143],"counterpart.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}