{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1582723912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner.2015.7146546","title":"Hybrid fNIRS-EEG based discrimination of 5 levels of memory load","display_name":"Hybrid fNIRS-EEG based discrimination of 5 levels of memory load","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1582723912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner.2015.7146546","mag":"1582723912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ner.2015.7146546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner.2015.7146546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 7th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068003279","display_name":"Christian Herff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Herff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034787419","display_name":"Ole Fortmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ole Fortmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077222133","display_name":"Chun\u2010Yu Tse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6120-2971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Yu Tse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology & Center for Cognition and Brain Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074457742","display_name":"Xiaoqin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-1403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Department of Psychology and LSI Neurobiology/Aging Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and LSI Neurobiology/Aging Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010913778","display_name":"Felix Putze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-8797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Putze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049329071","display_name":"Dominic Heger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic Heger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058049725","display_name":"Tanja Schultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-7028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanja Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82812982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7581512928009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7361722588539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7042409777641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6463180780410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.5573291182518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5437236428260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5023493766784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.501624345779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49804043769836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4106152653694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35692504048347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.28319597244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10404801368713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07447001338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07192212343215942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7581512928009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7361722588539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7042409777641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6463180780410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5573291182518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5437236428260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5023493766784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.501624345779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49804043769836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4106152653694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35692504048347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.28319597244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10404801368713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07447001338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07192212343215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ner.2015.7146546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ner.2015.7146546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 7th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1810871564","https://openalex.org/W1969984092","https://openalex.org/W1980786684","https://openalex.org/W1983830994","https://openalex.org/W1999754648","https://openalex.org/W2007333865","https://openalex.org/W2009989063","https://openalex.org/W2013842732","https://openalex.org/W2017844856","https://openalex.org/W2023324017","https://openalex.org/W2026292399","https://openalex.org/W2029802912","https://openalex.org/W2047401359","https://openalex.org/W2055794562","https://openalex.org/W2056390052","https://openalex.org/W2062125287","https://openalex.org/W2069395995","https://openalex.org/W2091337500","https://openalex.org/W2111692383","https://openalex.org/W2122311608","https://openalex.org/W2150665176","https://openalex.org/W2152171700","https://openalex.org/W2152597247","https://openalex.org/W2168963208","https://openalex.org/W2334565808","https://openalex.org/W2492650003","https://openalex.org/W3133243598","https://openalex.org/W6638168152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W1997162386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3,145],"show":[4,147],"that":[5,135,148],"both":[6,153],"electroencephalograhy":[7],"(EEG)":[8],"and":[9,42,58,105],"functional":[10],"Near-Infrared":[11],"Spectroscopy":[12],"(fNIRS)":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15,116,170],"used":[16,82,171],"to":[17,37,45,63,94,172,183],"discriminate":[18,55],"between":[19,56,102,122,163],"5":[20,47],"levels":[21,49,112,165],"of":[22,50,66,72,92,113,152,157,166,181],"memory":[23,27,31,40,76,167],"load.":[24,51],"We":[25],"induce":[26],"load":[28,41,168],"with":[29,85,118,143],"the":[30,70,75,99,123,133,140,149,178],"updating":[32,77],"task,":[33],"which":[34],"is":[35],"known":[36],"robustly":[38],"generate":[39],"allows":[43],"us":[44],"define":[46],"different":[48,164],"Typical":[52],"experiments":[53],"only":[54],"low":[57,107],"high":[59,104],"workload":[60,114],"or":[61,176],"up":[62,93],"a":[64,184],"maximum":[65],"three":[67],"classes.":[68],"To":[69],"best":[71],"our":[73],"knowledge,":[74],"task":[78],"has":[79],"not":[80],"been":[81],"in":[83],"combination":[84],"brain":[86],"activity":[87],"measurements":[88],"before.":[89],"Here,":[90],"accuracies":[91],"93%":[95],"are":[96],"achieved":[97],"for":[98],"binary":[100],"classification":[101,158],"very":[103,106],"workload.":[108],"On":[109],"average,":[110],"two":[111],"could":[115,146,169],"discriminated":[117],"74%":[119],"accuracy.":[120],"Classification":[121],"full":[124],"five":[125],"classes":[126],"yielded":[127],"44%":[128],"accuracy":[129],"on":[130],"average.":[131],"Despite":[132],"fact":[134],"EEG":[136],"results":[137,141],"consistently":[138],"outperformed":[139],"obtained":[142],"fNIRS,":[144],"feature-level":[150],"fusion":[151],"modalities":[154],"increased":[155],"robustness":[156],"results.":[159],"A":[160],"reliable":[161],"discrimination":[162],"adapt":[173],"user":[174],"interfaces":[175],"present":[177],"right":[179],"amount":[180],"information":[182],"learner.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
