{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385413127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems57332.2023.10190968","title":"Electrically Actuated Liquid-Metal Unit Cell for an Intelligent Reflecting Surface","display_name":"Electrically Actuated Liquid-Metal Unit Cell for an Intelligent Reflecting Surface","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385413127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems57332.2023.10190968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nems57332.2023.10190968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems57332.2023.10190968","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 18th International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013379727","display_name":"Saige J. Dacuycuy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-8057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saige J. Dacuycuy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092343423","display_name":"Glan Allan V. Manio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5281-322X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glan Allan V. Manio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110205655","display_name":"M. Kouchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew T. Kouchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078109674","display_name":"Wayne A. Shiroma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1294-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne A. Shiroma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068511935","display_name":"Aaron T. Ohta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-897X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron T. Ohta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Honolulu,HI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013379727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4932402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"100","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrowetting","display_name":"Electrowetting","score":0.7677980065345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-metal","display_name":"Liquid metal","score":0.7164428234100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7056041955947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.5739642977714539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal","display_name":"Metal","score":0.5141313672065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4798576235771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"Copper","score":0.4761521816253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.36969125270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3433275520801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.27280765771865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17934522032737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.12761151790618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07711422443389893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779673822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907239","display_name":"Electrowetting","level":3,"score":0.7677980065345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778492893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6557453","display_name":"Liquid metal","level":2,"score":0.7164428234100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7056041955947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5739642977714539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.5141313672065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4798576235771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.4761521816253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.36969125270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3433275520801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.27280765771865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17934522032737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.12761151790618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07711422443389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nems57332.2023.10190968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems57332.2023.10190968","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 18th International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333578","display_name":"Office of the Under Secretary of Defense","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984609162","https://openalex.org/W2121715744","https://openalex.org/W2754418878","https://openalex.org/W2964367142","https://openalex.org/W2979595276","https://openalex.org/W2990435554","https://openalex.org/W3010176898","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3102915815","https://openalex.org/W3128409631","https://openalex.org/W3134773396","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3203630573","https://openalex.org/W4212987545","https://openalex.org/W4286208747","https://openalex.org/W4296476686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091064386","https://openalex.org/W2999090825","https://openalex.org/W1981877719","https://openalex.org/W2902546961","https://openalex.org/W2058676402","https://openalex.org/W1963858132","https://openalex.org/W2055209984","https://openalex.org/W2329285141","https://openalex.org/W4313653414","https://openalex.org/W4200539882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"liquid-metal":[1],"unit":[2,12],"cell":[3,13],"for":[4],"an":[5],"intelligent":[6],"reflecting":[7],"surface":[8],"is":[9,14],"presented.":[10],"The":[11],"reconfigured":[15],"through":[16],"the":[17,25,29,32],"continuous":[18],"electrowetting":[19],"(CEW)":[20],"of":[21,31],"liquid":[22,26],"metal.":[23],"Actuating":[24],"metal":[27],"mimics":[28],"extension":[30],"copper":[33],"element,":[34],"enabling":[35],"two":[36],"unit-cell":[37],"states":[38],"that":[39],"have":[40],"a":[41],"~200\u00b0":[42],"reflection":[43],"phase":[44],"difference":[45],"at":[46],"3.1":[47],"GHz.":[48]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}