{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989898251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems.2019.8915622","title":"Effect of Waveform of the Actuation Signal on Droplet Speed on Digital Microfluidic Devices","display_name":"Effect of Waveform of the Actuation Signal on Droplet Speed on Digital Microfluidic Devices","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989898251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems.2019.8915622","mag":"2989898251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nems.2019.8915622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems.2019.8915622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 14th International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064146533","display_name":"Alsaeed Abualsayed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alsaeed Abualsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087274223","display_name":"Mohamed Abdelgawad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-1336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abdelgawad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064146533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1243933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sine-wave","display_name":"Sine wave","score":0.7535734176635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.711522102355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6490489840507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.589907169342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5888500809669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square-wave","display_name":"Square wave","score":0.584987461566925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5800572633743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5722508430480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function-generator","display_name":"Function generator","score":0.5275043249130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-generator","display_name":"Signal generator","score":0.4639790654182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4633501172065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4575674831867218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-microfluidics","display_name":"Digital microfluidics","score":0.45534998178482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3994009494781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.37006309628486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3455798327922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2923245429992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.232899010181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1784972846508026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrowetting","display_name":"Electrowetting","score":0.12969791889190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.12922361493110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.1005558967590332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66907618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207527","display_name":"Sine wave","level":3,"score":0.7535734176635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.711522102355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6490489840507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.589907169342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5888500809669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96352100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136640","display_name":"Square wave","level":3,"score":0.584987461566925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5800572633743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5722508430480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44579195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347772","display_name":"Function generator","level":3,"score":0.5275043249130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.4639790654182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4633501172065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4575674831867218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92444450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276112","display_name":"Digital microfluidics","level":4,"score":0.45534998178482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3994009494781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37006309628486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3455798327922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2923245429992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.232899010181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1784972846508026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779673822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907239","display_name":"Electrowetting","level":3,"score":0.12969791889190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.12922361493110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.1005558967590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nems.2019.8915622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems.2019.8915622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 14th International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1038370629","https://openalex.org/W1588448547","https://openalex.org/W1596217857","https://openalex.org/W1968000836","https://openalex.org/W1987882618","https://openalex.org/W1989548655","https://openalex.org/W1997071098","https://openalex.org/W2004108400","https://openalex.org/W2016082694","https://openalex.org/W2035422014","https://openalex.org/W2041672535","https://openalex.org/W2045865080","https://openalex.org/W2096601970","https://openalex.org/W2107423513","https://openalex.org/W2148720935","https://openalex.org/W2165461446","https://openalex.org/W2550446976","https://openalex.org/W6729102127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390892592","https://openalex.org/W2047448441","https://openalex.org/W2377264140","https://openalex.org/W2370271778","https://openalex.org/W2357651462","https://openalex.org/W2375125665","https://openalex.org/W2317181876","https://openalex.org/W2560444141","https://openalex.org/W2367072758","https://openalex.org/W2359410611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"portable":[1,10,89],"platforms":[2,32],"were":[3],"reported":[4],"recently":[5],"to":[6,18,55,138],"provide":[7],"low-cost":[8,87],"and":[9,69,88,93,147],"digital":[11],"microfluidics":[12],"(DMF)":[13],"devices.":[14,81],"Despite":[15],"being":[16],"able":[17],"generate":[19,33],"the":[20,27,40,61,73,111,116,135,149],"high":[21,129],"voltages":[22],"required":[23],"for":[24,144],"droplet":[25,77,90,106,122,145],"actuation,":[26,146],"electronic":[28,142],"circuits":[29,143],"of":[30,63,72,141,154],"these":[31],"distorted":[34],"signals":[35],"that":[36,105,127,148],"are":[37],"far":[38],"from":[39,48],"regular":[41],"AC":[42],"sine":[43,117],"wave":[44,65,98,112,118,150],"form":[45,99,113,119,151],"normally":[46],"generated":[47],"convention":[49],"setups":[50],"(a":[51],"function":[52],"generator":[53],"coupled":[54],"an":[56],"amplifier).":[57],"Here,":[58],"we":[59],"studied":[60],"effect":[62],"different":[64],"forms":[66],"(sine,":[67],"square,":[68],"saw":[70],"tooth)":[71],"actuation":[74,91,96,130],"signal":[75,97],"on":[76,79,110],"speed":[78,107],"DMF":[80],"We":[82,103],"also":[83],"tested":[84,114],"our":[85],"own":[86],"setup":[92],"compared":[94],"its":[95],"with":[100,115],"other":[101],"forms.":[102],"found":[104],"significantly":[108],"depended":[109],"achieving":[120],"highest":[121],"speed.":[123],"Our":[124],"results":[125],"indicate":[126],"a":[128],"voltage":[131],"should":[132],"not":[133],"be":[134],"single":[136],"parameter":[137],"judge":[139],"performance":[140],"produced":[152],"is":[153],"equal":[155],"significance.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}