{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905049885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems.2018.8556930","title":"Flexible Graphitized Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Bundles for Strain Sensors","display_name":"Flexible Graphitized Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Bundles for Strain Sensors","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905049885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems.2018.8556930","mag":"2905049885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nems.2018.8556930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems.2018.8556930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 13th Annual International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/72125848/08556930.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019347191","display_name":"Debarun Sengupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-8585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Debarun Sengupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052112824","display_name":"Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-7069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167254","display_name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb3w112","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080137851","display_name":"Daniel Ssu-Han Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0806-9638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ssu-Han Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083717285","display_name":"Aron Michael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aron Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110054182","display_name":"Chee Yee Kwok","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Yee Kwok","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113521751","display_name":"Jianmin Miao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianmin Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111484618","display_name":"Michael S. Triantafyllou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Triantafyllou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019347191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4456,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62909809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"615","last_page":"618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10660","display_name":"Conducting polymers and applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10729","display_name":"Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyacrylonitrile","display_name":"Polyacrylonitrile","score":0.9456973671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofiber","display_name":"Nanofiber","score":0.8479483127593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.827109694480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.7300465106964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy","display_name":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","score":0.7133126258850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoresistive-effect","display_name":"Piezoresistive effect","score":0.6067976951599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.5861198902130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bundle","display_name":"Bundle","score":0.4411679208278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","score":0.43892234563827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanofiber","display_name":"Carbon nanofiber","score":0.4310492277145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3498407006263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.26743191480636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.2614404857158661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotube","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","score":0.15446513891220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08333328366279602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145421","display_name":"Polyacrylonitrile","level":3,"score":0.9456973671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91129048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594196","display_name":"Nanofiber","level":2,"score":0.8479483127593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.827109694480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.7300465106964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175708663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559","display_name":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.7133126258850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198490522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932915","display_name":"Piezoresistive effect","level":2,"score":0.6067976951599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5861198902130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778134712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047307","display_name":"Bundle","level":2,"score":0.4411679208278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.43892234563827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177367955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4468924","display_name":"Carbon nanofiber","level":3,"score":0.4310492277145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3498407006263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26743191480636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.2614404857158661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.15446513891220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08333328366279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nems.2018.8556930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nems.2018.8556930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 13th Annual International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/2a960782-6b02-4be3-981b-770b664e2317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/2a960782-6b02-4be3-981b-770b664e2317","pdf_url":"https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/72125848/08556930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sengupta , D , Kottapalli , A G P , Chen , S , Michael , A , Kwok , C Y , Miao , J &amp; Triantafyllou , M S 2018 , Flexible Graphitized Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Bundles for Strain Sensors . in Proceedings of the 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems April 22-26, 2018, Singapore . IEEE , pp. 615-618 , The 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems April 22-26, 2018, Singapore , Singapore , Singapore , 22/04/2018 . https://doi.org/10.1109/NEMS.2018.8556930","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/2a960782-6b02-4be3-981b-770b664e2317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/2a960782-6b02-4be3-981b-770b664e2317","pdf_url":"https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/72125848/08556930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sengupta , D , Kottapalli , A G P , Chen , S , Michael , A , Kwok , C Y , Miao , J &amp; Triantafyllou , M S 2018 , Flexible Graphitized Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Bundles for Strain Sensors . in Proceedings of the 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems April 22-26, 2018, Singapore . IEEE , pp. 615-618 , The 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems April 22-26, 2018, Singapore , Singapore , Singapore , 22/04/2018 . https://doi.org/10.1109/NEMS.2018.8556930","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905049885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905049885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011913151","https://openalex.org/W2030216187","https://openalex.org/W2057494508","https://openalex.org/W2060875792","https://openalex.org/W2165335780","https://openalex.org/W2520399426","https://openalex.org/W2761705363","https://openalex.org/W2781582357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552818636","https://openalex.org/W1492411412","https://openalex.org/W2390557293","https://openalex.org/W2372588547","https://openalex.org/W2073367899","https://openalex.org/W4247887434","https://openalex.org/W3107593523","https://openalex.org/W2393551124","https://openalex.org/W2045738929","https://openalex.org/W2350639407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,82],"work":[1],"reports":[2],"the":[3,76,90,104,112,124,145],"use":[4,146],"of":[5,20,36,50,140,147],"graphitized":[6],"Polyacrylonitrile":[7],"(PAN)":[8],"nanofiber":[9,22,31,38,62,77,125],"bundle":[10,63,78,126],"for":[11],"strain":[12,121],"sensing":[13],"applications.":[14],"Strain":[15],"sensors":[16],"employing":[17],"piezoresistive":[18],"properties":[19],"carbon":[21],"is":[23,83,130,133],"relatively":[24],"new":[25],"compared":[26],"to":[27,75,110,136],"conventional":[28],"piezoelectric":[29],"electrospun":[30],"based":[32],"devices.":[33],"The":[34,61],"graphitization":[35],"PAN":[37],"bundles":[39],"annealed":[40,64,79,108,127],"at":[41,65,80,94,128],"500\u00b0C,":[42],"750\u00b0C,":[43],"and":[44,56,70,107,116],"950\u00b0C":[45,129],"are":[46],"studied":[47],"by":[48,85],"means":[49],"spectroscopic":[51],"analysis":[52,87,98],"techniques":[53],"including":[54],"Raman":[55,97],"X-ray":[57],"photoelectron":[58],"spectroscopy":[59],"(XPS).":[60],"750\u00b0C":[66],"exhibits":[67],"disordered":[68],"(D)":[69],"ordered":[71],"(G)":[72],"peaks":[73],"similar":[74],"950\u00b0C.":[81],"confirmed":[84],"XPS":[86],"which":[88,132],"shows":[89],"asymmetric":[91],"C1s":[92],"peak":[93],"284.8":[95],"eV.":[96],"has":[99],"also":[100],"been":[101],"performed":[102],"on":[103],"as-spun,":[105],"stabilized":[106],"samples":[109],"show":[111],"change":[113],"in":[114],"D":[115],"G":[117],"peaks.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"a":[120],"sensor":[122],"utilizing":[123],"fabricated":[131],"sensitive":[134],"enough":[135],"detect":[137],"overall":[138],"bending":[139],"less":[141],"than":[142],"3\u00b0":[143],"without":[144],"any":[148],"external":[149],"amplifier":[150],"circuit.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
