{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393973205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ncc60321.2024.10485879","title":"Performance Analysis of CoLoRa: Covert Channel Over LoRa PHY","display_name":"Performance Analysis of CoLoRa: Covert Channel Over LoRa PHY","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393973205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ncc60321.2024.10485879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ncc60321.2024.10485879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ncc60321.2024.10485879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002151989","display_name":"Poonam Maurya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-1749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121466","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai","ror":"https://ror.org/02sscsx71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poonam Maurya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Bhilai,India,492015"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Bhilai,India,492015","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093963073","display_name":"Lohit Daksha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121466","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai","ror":"https://ror.org/02sscsx71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lohit Daksha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Bhilai,India,492015"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Bhilai,India,492015","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093963074","display_name":"Vaishnavi Kahar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121466","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai","ror":"https://ror.org/02sscsx71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaishnavi Kahar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Bhilai,India,492015"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Bhilai,India,492015","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041861688","display_name":"Arzad A. Kherani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-4355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121466","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai","ror":"https://ror.org/02sscsx71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arzad Alam Kherani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Bhilai,India,492015"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Bhilai,India,492015","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6478598117828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.6336252689361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5743159651756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5375350117683411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25424453616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.2125619351863861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12205860018730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6478598117828369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.6336252689361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5743159651756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5375350117683411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25424453616142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.2125619351863861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12205860018730164}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ncc60321.2024.10485879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ncc60321.2024.10485879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900142556","https://openalex.org/W2903076712","https://openalex.org/W2914258423","https://openalex.org/W3109822984","https://openalex.org/W3119959342","https://openalex.org/W3198109319","https://openalex.org/W4254597214","https://openalex.org/W4372271816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4283023968","https://openalex.org/W1964667553","https://openalex.org/W2001476941","https://openalex.org/W2390471376","https://openalex.org/W2530058746","https://openalex.org/W1487710470","https://openalex.org/W1939593940","https://openalex.org/W1483545079","https://openalex.org/W2310124881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,128],"alternative":[4],"design":[5],"for":[6,158],"the":[7,15,30,38,61,90,95,99,114,134,137,146,175,195,198,206],"current":[8],"state-of-the-art":[9],"covert":[10,22,54,58,87,104,111,139,162,176],"channel":[11,112,153],"on":[12,113],"top":[13],"of":[14,41,101,108,117,136,145,167,190],"LoRa":[16,26,28,50,62,66,92,119],"physical":[17],"layer":[18],"(PHY)":[19],"to":[20,46,85],"embed":[21,86],"information":[23],"over":[24,60,89],"ongoing":[25,91],"transmission.":[27],"utilizes":[29],"chirp":[31,43,67],"spread":[32],"spectrum":[33],"(CSS)":[34],"modulation":[35,84,96,196,202],"technique,":[36],"where":[37],"starting":[39],"frequency":[40],"each":[42],"is":[44,125,141],"used":[45],"encode":[47],"messages":[48,88],"as":[49],"symbols.":[51],"Our":[52],"proposed":[53],"channel,":[55],"CoLoRa,":[56],"allows":[57],"transmission":[59],"PHY":[63],"without":[64],"affecting":[65],"frequencies.":[68],"The":[69,106,155],"key":[70],"challenges":[71],"in":[72,143],"designing":[73],"such":[74,109],"protocols":[75],"are":[76,180],"also":[77],"discussed.":[78],"CoLoRa":[79,138,159],"uses":[80],"adaptive":[81,199],"2mmultilevel":[82],"amplitude":[83,201],"transmission,":[93],"where$m$indicates":[94],"index,":[97,197],"i.e.,":[98],"number":[100],"bits":[102],"per":[103],"symbol.":[105],"impact":[107],"a":[110,165,185],"communication":[115,140,163],"range":[116],"legitimate":[118],"transmissions":[120],"has":[121],"been":[122],"discussed":[123],"and":[124,178],"set":[126],"at":[127],"acceptable":[129],"(and":[130],"configurable)":[131],"level.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"performance":[135],"investigated":[142],"terms":[144],"bit":[147],"error":[148],"rate":[149],"(BER)":[150],"under":[151],"different":[152],"conditions.":[154],"simulation":[156],"results":[157],"indicate":[160],"that":[161],"achieves":[164],"BER":[166],"approximately":[168],"20%":[169],"(with":[170],"m":[171,182],"=":[172],"2)":[173],"when":[174],"transmitter":[177],"receiver":[179],"600":[181],"apart,":[183],"with":[184],"target":[186],"signal-to-noise":[187],"ratio":[188],"(SNR)":[189],"6":[191],"dB.":[192],"By":[193],"increasing":[194],"multilevel":[200],"feature":[203],"effectively":[204],"improves":[205],"BER.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
