{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4328054510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ncc56989.2023.10068026","title":"A heterogeneous stacking ensemble-based security framework for detecting phishing attacks","display_name":"A heterogeneous stacking ensemble-based security framework for detecting phishing attacks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4328054510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ncc56989.2023.10068026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ncc56989.2023.10068026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ncc56989.2023.10068026","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017476118","display_name":"Basant Subba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-8324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119241673","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Ropar","ror":"https://ror.org/02qkhhn56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Basant Subba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of CSE,Ropar,India","Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Dept. of CSE,Ropar,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017476118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89640937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8136876225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.6937761306762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6764322519302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5874192118644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.529789388179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5090055465698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5054457187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4619297385215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.44494324922561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41459351778030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.31943047046661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09005719423294067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8136876225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.6937761306762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6764322519302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5874192118644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.529789388179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5090055465698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5054457187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4619297385215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44494324922561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41459351778030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.31943047046661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09005719423294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ncc56989.2023.10068026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ncc56989.2023.10068026","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 National Conference on Communications (NCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026054276","https://openalex.org/W2418966180","https://openalex.org/W2521519773","https://openalex.org/W2572193563","https://openalex.org/W2779627157","https://openalex.org/W2801449878","https://openalex.org/W2802855132","https://openalex.org/W2890718808","https://openalex.org/W2972871942","https://openalex.org/W3005964609","https://openalex.org/W3047055682","https://openalex.org/W3112545613","https://openalex.org/W3129226709","https://openalex.org/W3184585466","https://openalex.org/W3197388494","https://openalex.org/W3197944870","https://openalex.org/W3207470445","https://openalex.org/W3212616499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2811390910","https://openalex.org/W2807311372","https://openalex.org/W2784352036","https://openalex.org/W2022996092","https://openalex.org/W2905846897","https://openalex.org/W4367598285","https://openalex.org/W2188464267","https://openalex.org/W2995914718","https://openalex.org/W2545275226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,15,39,90,99],"heterogeneous":[4],"stacking":[5],"ensemble-based":[6],"security":[7],"framework":[8,25,142,169],"comprising":[9],"three":[10],"different":[11,29],"base-level":[12,55,63,84],"classifiers,":[13],"and":[14,32,93,97],"single":[16],"meta-level":[17,105,109],"classifier":[18,110],"for":[19,52,95],"detecting":[20],"phishing":[21,177],"attacks.":[22],"The":[23,61,77,107,167],"proposed":[24,59,141,168,181],"initially":[26],"extracts":[27],"24":[28],"URL":[30,41],"based":[31,36,104],"20":[33],"distinct":[34],"web-page":[35],"feature":[37,50,71],"from":[38,73],"given":[40,121],"corpus.":[42],"These":[43],"features":[44],"are":[45,65,86,123],"then":[46,66,87],"used":[47,94],"to":[48,120,173],"create":[49],"vectors":[51,72,79],"training":[53,96],"the":[54,58,69,74,82,112,117,140,149,183],"classifiers":[56,64,85],"of":[57,146,161],"framework.":[60],"trained":[62,83,108],"evaluated":[67],"on":[68,129,148,163],"unseen":[70],"test":[75],"set.":[76],"output":[78],"produced":[80],"by":[81],"combined":[88],"into":[89],"dataframe":[91],"object,":[92],"evaluating":[98],"fully":[100],"connected":[101],"neural":[102],"network(FCNN)":[103],"classifier.":[106],"makes":[111],"final":[113],"prediction":[114],"about":[115],"whether":[116],"web-pages":[118],"corresponding":[119],"URLs":[122],"benign":[124],"or":[125],"malicious(phishing).":[126],"Experimental":[127],"results":[128],"two":[130],"benchmark":[131],"datasets":[132,137],"namely,":[133],"PhishTank":[134,152],"&":[135,153],"UNB":[136,154,165],"show":[138],"that":[139],"achieves":[143,158],"an":[144,159],"accuracy":[145,160],"99%":[147],"binary":[150],"class":[151],"datasets,":[155],"while":[156],"it":[157],"98%":[162],"multiclass":[164],"dataset.":[166],"is":[170],"also":[171],"shown":[172],"outperform":[174],"other":[175],"similar":[176],"attack":[178],"detection":[179],"frameworks":[180],"in":[182],"literature.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
