{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902815449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nca.2018.8548336","title":"On Black-Box Monitoring Techniques for Multi-Component Services","display_name":"On Black-Box Monitoring Techniques for Multi-Component Services","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902815449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nca.2018.8548336","mag":"2902815449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nca.2018.8548336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nca.2018.8548336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070803334","display_name":"Ricardo Filipe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4438-4176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Filipe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, CISUC, Coimbra, Portugal","CISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, CISUC, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071271218","display_name":"Jaime Correia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-1913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Correia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, CISUC, Coimbra, Portugal","CISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, CISUC, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046002820","display_name":"Filipe Ara\u00fajo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-1937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, CISUC, Coimbra, Portugal","CISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, CISUC, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114377210","display_name":"Jorge Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-3466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, CISUC, Coimbra, Portugal","CISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, CISUC, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7983942031860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.77008455991745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.6317755579948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6181750893592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5372519493103027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4991610050201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-call","display_name":"System call","score":0.48013541102409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","score":0.47961199283599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47424668073654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.46791723370552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.4647141695022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4305824637413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4173647165298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38569456338882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.368428111076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36002880334854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22009629011154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.15100249648094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12042689323425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10756245255470276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7983942031860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.77008455991745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.6317755579948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6181750893592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5372519493103027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4991610050201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722192","display_name":"System call","level":2,"score":0.48013541102409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.47961199283599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47424668073654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46791723370552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.4647141695022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4305824637413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4173647165298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38569456338882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.368428111076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36002880334854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22009629011154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.15100249648094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12042689323425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10756245255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nca.2018.8548336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nca.2018.8548336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1630393757","https://openalex.org/W1744681796","https://openalex.org/W1781381850","https://openalex.org/W2000497699","https://openalex.org/W2044555469","https://openalex.org/W2088128155","https://openalex.org/W2103466838","https://openalex.org/W2124919501","https://openalex.org/W2149052768","https://openalex.org/W2355811020","https://openalex.org/W2562933077","https://openalex.org/W2593108032","https://openalex.org/W2771443662","https://openalex.org/W2797431976","https://openalex.org/W2981344192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W1973775000","https://openalex.org/W2748922771","https://openalex.org/W1987128138","https://openalex.org/W2768886816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,30,44,58,67,111,118,132,144,156,159,180,197,213],"advantages":[2,174],"of":[3,46,69,117,179],"microservice":[4],"and":[5,123,175,229],"function-oriented":[6],"architectures,":[7],"there":[8],"is":[9,41,63,146,194,227],"an":[10,151],"increase":[11],"in":[12,33,158,162,186],"complexity":[13],"to":[14,28,42,56,60,65,86,130,141,154],"monitor":[15],"such":[16,47],"highly":[17],"dynamic":[18],"systems.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21,82,121],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,84,94,99,125,135,149],"analyze":[24,131],"two":[25,70,96,127,160],"distinct":[26,103,128],"methods":[27,129],"tackle":[29],"monitoring":[31],"problem":[32],"a":[34,87,91,163,192,207,220],"system":[35],"with":[36,49,102,224],"reduced":[37],"instrumentation.":[38],"Our":[39],"goal":[40],"understand":[43],"feasibility":[45],"approach":[48,223],"one":[50],"specific":[51],"driver:":[52],"simplicity.":[53],"We":[54,109],"aim":[55],"determine":[57],"extent":[59],"which":[61],"it":[62,200],"possible":[64,228],"characterize":[66],"state":[68],"generic":[71],"tandem":[72],"processes,":[73],"using":[74],"as":[75,78],"little":[76],"information":[77],"possible.":[79],"To":[80],"answer":[81],"question,":[83],"resorted":[85],"simulation":[88],"approach.":[89],"Using":[90],"queue":[92],"system,":[93],"simulated":[95],"services,":[97],"that":[98,169,219],"could":[100],"manipulate":[101],"operation":[104],"sets":[105],"for":[106],"each":[107],"module.":[108],"used":[110,136,150],"total":[112],"response":[113],"time":[114],"seen":[115],"upstream":[116],"system.":[119],"Having":[120],"setup":[122],"metric,":[124],"applied":[126],"results.":[133],"First,":[134],"supervised":[137],"machine":[138,204],"learning":[139,205],"algorithms":[140],"identify":[142,155],"where":[143],"bottleneck":[145],"happening.":[147],"Secondly,":[148],"exponential":[152],"decomposition":[153],"occupation":[157,185,222],"components":[161],"more":[164,182,208],"black-box":[165,221],"fashion.":[166],"Results":[167],"show":[168],"both":[170,225],"methodologies":[171],"have":[172],"their":[173],"limitations.":[176],"The":[177,203],"separation":[178],"signal":[181],"accurately":[183],"identifies":[184],"low":[187],"occupied":[188],"resources,":[189],"but":[190,211],"when":[191],"service":[193],"totally":[195],"dominating":[196],"overall":[198],"time,":[199],"lacks":[201],"precision.":[202],"has":[206],"stable":[209],"error,":[210],"needs":[212],"training":[214],"set.":[215],"This":[216],"study":[217],"suggest":[218],"techniques":[226],"very":[230],"useful.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}