{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772251662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nca.2017.8171356","title":"Niflheim: An end-to-end middleware for applications on a multi-tier IoT infrastructure","display_name":"Niflheim: An end-to-end middleware for applications on a multi-tier IoT infrastructure","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772251662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nca.2017.8171356","mag":"2772251662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nca.2017.8171356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nca.2017.8171356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003983202","display_name":"Nicolas Small","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-5189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Small","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imec-DistriNet, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imec-DistriNet, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015022966","display_name":"Sven Akkermans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-4139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Akkermans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imec-DistriNet, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imec-DistriNet, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054031138","display_name":"Wouter Joosen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7710-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Joosen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imec-DistriNet, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imec-DistriNet, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110467238","display_name":"Danny Hughes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danny Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imec-DistriNet, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imec-DistriNet, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77834025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.7399427890777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6558316946029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5487204790115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.5283566117286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3374090790748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.23403528332710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.2286900281906128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.7399427890777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6558316946029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5487204790115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.5283566117286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3374090790748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.23403528332710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2286900281906128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nca.2017.8171356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nca.2017.8171356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/606139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/606139/1/niflheim.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NCA, Boston, MA, 30 October - 1 November 2017","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6538360","https://openalex.org/W85039642","https://openalex.org/W1493103937","https://openalex.org/W1567416390","https://openalex.org/W1851752624","https://openalex.org/W1967505946","https://openalex.org/W1998050536","https://openalex.org/W2011501918","https://openalex.org/W2014214167","https://openalex.org/W2048659471","https://openalex.org/W2093434700","https://openalex.org/W2114296561","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2119046642","https://openalex.org/W2122383661","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2130798978","https://openalex.org/W2143853136","https://openalex.org/W2154126105","https://openalex.org/W2160763373","https://openalex.org/W2219965000","https://openalex.org/W2253906049","https://openalex.org/W2287771833","https://openalex.org/W2289689155","https://openalex.org/W2296335794","https://openalex.org/W2439332518","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2525598440","https://openalex.org/W2562443946","https://openalex.org/W2564566221","https://openalex.org/W2610775621","https://openalex.org/W6638941946","https://openalex.org/W6697144307","https://openalex.org/W6730999400","https://openalex.org/W6737172432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3179968364","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W2950174689","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4200598720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"state-of-practice":[1],"for":[2,175],"Internet":[3],"of":[4,13,29,69,81,117,130,154,182],"Things":[5],"(IoT)":[6],"applications":[7,118],"is":[8,34],"deployment":[9,146],"on":[10,124],"specialised":[11,54],"networks":[12],"embedded":[14],"devices":[15],"connected":[16],"to":[17,52,119,138],"a":[18,27,79,108,163],"cloud":[19],"backend.":[20],"While":[21],"this":[22,63,103],"paradigm":[23],"has":[24],"successfully":[25],"supported":[26],"range":[28],"IoT":[30,55,71,86,134,184],"systems,":[31],"its":[32],"power":[33],"limited":[35],"by":[36,43],"the":[37,50,70,128,131,139,183],"high":[38],"latency":[39,99,171],"and":[40,49,88,97,100,121,147,156,168,172],"bandwidth":[41,173],"caused":[42],"communications":[44],"with":[45],"remote":[46],"data":[47],"servers":[48],"inability":[51],"share":[53,85],"infrastructure":[56,72,185],"across":[57,127],"applications.":[58],"To":[59,102],"improve":[60],"these":[61],"aspects,":[62],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"re-imagining":[66],"all":[67,125],"resources":[68,87,126],"as":[73,78],"microservice-hosting":[74],"platforms.":[75],"Applications":[76],"decomposed":[77],"set":[80],"services":[82],"can":[83],"then":[84],"run":[89],"communicating":[90],"modules":[91],"closer":[92],"together,":[93],"tightening":[94],"control":[95],"loops":[96],"reducing":[98],"communications.":[101],"end,":[104],"we":[105],"present":[106],"Niflheim,":[107],"generic":[109],"end-to-end":[110],"middleware":[111],"that":[112],"provides":[113],"modular":[114],"microservice-based":[115],"orchestration":[116],"deploy":[120],"manage":[122],"them":[123],"tiers":[129],"IoT,":[132],"from":[133],"end-devices":[135],"through":[136],"gateways":[137],"cloud.":[140],"This":[141],"enables":[142],"increased":[143],"flexibility":[144],"in":[145,152,162],"operations,":[148],"while":[149,177],"remaining":[150],"efficient":[151,179],"terms":[153],"hardware":[155],"software":[157],"requirements.":[158],"We":[159],"evaluate":[160],"Niflheim":[161],"smart":[164],"building":[165],"use":[166,181],"case":[167],"demonstrate":[169],"improved":[170],"consumption":[174],"applications,":[176],"enabling":[178],"shared":[180],"resources.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}