{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898655385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nas.2018.8515692","title":"Tolerating Soft Errors in Deep Learning Accelerators with Reliable On-Chip Memory Designs","display_name":"Tolerating Soft Errors in Deep Learning Accelerators with Reliable On-Chip Memory Designs","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898655385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nas.2018.8515692","mag":"2898655385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nas.2018.8515692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nas.2018.8515692","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Architecture and Storage (NAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038369744","display_name":"Arash Azizimazreah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4592-3354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arash Azizimazreah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090471948","display_name":"Yongbin Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-0259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbin Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101859427","display_name":"Xiang Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3584-8987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101894267","display_name":"Lizhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-0491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038369744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9502451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6583767533302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-error","display_name":"Soft error","score":0.6566051244735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.6456249356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48545581102371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4484092891216278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4456011652946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41622257232666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.35410016775131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3080936670303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.27188196778297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2100771963596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1654266119003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07371047139167786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6583767533302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154474529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658917","display_name":"Soft error","level":2,"score":0.6566051244735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.6456249356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48545581102371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4484092891216278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4456011652946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41622257232666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35410016775131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3080936670303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.27188196778297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2100771963596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1654266119003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07371047139167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nas.2018.8515692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nas.2018.8515692","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Architecture and Storage (NAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518236483","https://openalex.org/W1600862615","https://openalex.org/W1965936844","https://openalex.org/W1971476921","https://openalex.org/W1972002693","https://openalex.org/W1977295820","https://openalex.org/W1981970801","https://openalex.org/W2015861736","https://openalex.org/W2019828391","https://openalex.org/W2023659251","https://openalex.org/W2033453286","https://openalex.org/W2040122855","https://openalex.org/W2050431855","https://openalex.org/W2065964663","https://openalex.org/W2067217074","https://openalex.org/W2069455169","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2106281713","https://openalex.org/W2109966094","https://openalex.org/W2114580895","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2141424868","https://openalex.org/W2142386325","https://openalex.org/W2149495212","https://openalex.org/W2151961246","https://openalex.org/W2153751624","https://openalex.org/W2160451204","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164818635","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2325687255","https://openalex.org/W2466675884","https://openalex.org/W2494978579","https://openalex.org/W2516141709","https://openalex.org/W2578302800","https://openalex.org/W2583383421","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2621205740","https://openalex.org/W2752374510","https://openalex.org/W2767260595","https://openalex.org/W2787785393","https://openalex.org/W2794478957","https://openalex.org/W2964193438","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W2997828269","https://openalex.org/W6644796580","https://openalex.org/W6683590716","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6698183232","https://openalex.org/W6698200048","https://openalex.org/W6738370415","https://openalex.org/W6743905984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290647047","https://openalex.org/W1500230652","https://openalex.org/W2363504003","https://openalex.org/W2066033226","https://openalex.org/W2548582980","https://openalex.org/W2620706469","https://openalex.org/W2052914698","https://openalex.org/W2612883256","https://openalex.org/W4386933833","https://openalex.org/W1030007664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"neural":[2],"network":[3],"(DNN)":[4],"accelerators":[5,29,55,129],"have":[6],"been":[7],"increasingly":[8],"deployed":[9],"in":[10,50,84,140,186,200],"many":[11],"fields":[12],"recently,":[13],"including":[14],"safety-critical":[15],"applications":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18,41],"autonomous":[19],"vehicles":[20],"and":[21,89,105,176,215,225],"unmanned":[22],"aircrafts.":[23],"Meanwhile,":[24],"the":[25,51,62,109,135,178,187,194,204,209,219,223,236,241],"vulnerability":[26],"of":[27,53,86,162,208,234,248],"DNN":[28,54,71,128,163,202,237],"to":[30,45,58,70,80,153,158],"soft":[31,99,110,253],"errors":[32,100,111,254],"(e.g.,":[33],"caused":[34,112,251],"by":[35,102,113,213,252],"high-energy":[36],"particle":[37],"strikes)":[38],"rapidly":[39],"increases":[40],"manufacturing":[42],"technology":[43],"continues":[44],"scale":[46],"down.":[47],"A":[48],"failure":[49,161],"operation":[52],"may":[56],"lead":[57],"catastrophic":[59],"consequences.":[60],"Among":[61],"existing":[63],"reliability":[64],"techniques":[65],"that":[66,192],"can":[67,96,245],"be":[68],"applied":[69],"accelerators,":[72],"fully-hardened":[73,93],"SRAM":[74,94,122],"cells":[75,95],"are":[76],"more":[77,156],"attractive":[78],"due":[79],"their":[81],"low":[82],"overhead":[83],"terms":[85,233],"area,":[87],"power":[88,207],"delay.":[90],"However,":[91],"current":[92,180],"only":[97],"tolerate":[98],"produced":[101],"single-node-upsets":[103],"(SNUs),":[104],"cannot":[106],"fully":[107],"resist":[108],"multiple-node-upsets":[114],"(MNUs).":[115],"In":[116,232],"this":[117],"paper,":[118],"a":[119,143,160,170,201],"Zero-Biased":[120],"MNU-Aware":[121],"Cell":[123],"(ZBMA)":[124],"is":[125,155,184,198,211],"proposed":[126,166,195,242],"for":[127],"based":[130,221,239],"on":[131,222,226,240],"two":[132],"observations:":[133],"first,":[134],"data":[136,149],"(feature":[137],"maps,":[138],"weights)":[139],"DNNs":[141],"has":[142],"strong":[144],"bias":[145],"towards":[146],"zero;":[147],"second,":[148],"flipping":[150],"from":[151],"zero":[152,183],"one":[154,220],"likely":[157],"cause":[159],"outputs.":[164],"The":[165],"memory":[167,196,229,243],"cell":[168,197,244],"provides":[169],"robust":[171],"immunity":[172],"against":[173],"node":[174],"upsets,":[175],"reduces":[177],"leakage":[179],"dramatically":[181],"when":[182,193],"stored":[185],"cell.":[188],"Evaluation":[189],"results":[190],"show":[191],"integrated":[199],"accelerator,":[203],"total":[205],"static":[206],"accelerator":[210,238],"reduced":[212],"2.6X":[214],"1.79X":[216],"compared":[217],"with":[218],"conventional":[224],"state-of-the-art":[227],"full-hardened":[228],"cells,":[230],"respectively.":[231],"reliability,":[235],"reduce":[246],"99.99%":[247],"false":[249],"outputs":[250],"across":[255],"different":[256],"DNNs.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
