{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003767514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nanoarch.2013.6623040","title":"Reading spin-torque memory with spin-torque sensors","display_name":"Reading spin-torque memory with spin-torque sensors","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003767514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nanoarch.2013.6623040","mag":"2003767514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nanoarch.2013.6623040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nanoarch.2013.6623040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019643842","display_name":"Mrigank Sharad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mrigank Sharad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045219356","display_name":"Rangharajan Venkatesan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rangharajan Venkatesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085588788","display_name":"Xuanyao Fong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanyao Fong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065766721","display_name":"Anand Raghunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Raghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031161187","display_name":"Kaushik Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3375-2877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019643842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05917788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"96","issue":null,"first_page":"40","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10607","display_name":"Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.8367798328399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-transfer-torque","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","score":0.7645968198776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6646255254745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6565507650375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5399449467658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4609440267086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4502420723438263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.41994109749794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-amplifier","display_name":"Sense amplifier","score":0.415882408618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40186017751693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3328908681869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.21420028805732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17447495460510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetization","display_name":"Magnetization","score":0.14193755388259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13273081183433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.10478132963180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.08020612597465515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8367798328399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C609986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844840","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","level":4,"score":0.7645968198776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6646255254745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6565507650375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5399449467658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4609440267086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4502420723438263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.41994109749794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32666082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450979","display_name":"Sense amplifier","level":3,"score":0.415882408618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40186017751693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3328908681869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.21420028805732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17447495460510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.14193755388259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13273081183433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.10478132963180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.08020612597465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nanoarch.2013.6623040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nanoarch.2013.6623040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/156216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/156216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Elements","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088846964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388285079","https://openalex.org/W2546997659","https://openalex.org/W2733919783","https://openalex.org/W2425808153","https://openalex.org/W2404332818","https://openalex.org/W4281561022","https://openalex.org/W2188761345","https://openalex.org/W2077498413","https://openalex.org/W3006384944","https://openalex.org/W2949498821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spin-Transfer-Torque":[0],"Magnetic":[1],"Random":[2],"Access":[3],"Memory":[4],"(STT-MRAM)":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,23,96,115,130],"promising":[8],"candidate":[9],"for":[10,53,101,108,121,142],"future":[11],"on-chip":[12],"memory,":[13],"owing":[14,86],"to":[15,34,37,87],"its":[16],"high-density,":[17],"zero-leakage":[18],"and":[19,91,125],"energy":[20,31,138],"efficiency.":[21],"In":[22,42],"conventional":[24],"STT-MRAM":[25,143],"cache":[26],"write":[27,48,61],"operations":[28],"consume":[29],"larger":[30],"as":[32],"compared":[33],"read,":[35],"due":[36],"relatively":[38],"large":[39,58],"write-current":[40],"requirement.":[41],"recent":[43],"years":[44],"novel":[45],"spin-torque":[46,97,106],"based":[47,73,98,144],"schemes":[49,72],"have":[50],"been":[51],"proposed":[52],"MRAM":[54,102],"that":[55,64,103],"can":[56,117,139],"bring":[57],"reduction":[59,82,135],"in":[60,83,112,136],"energy,":[62,85],"such":[63],"the":[65],"read-energy":[66],"now":[67],"becomes":[68],"dominant.":[69],"Conventional":[70],"read":[71,84],"on":[74],"CMOS":[75],"sense":[76],"amplifiers":[77],"may":[78],"not":[79],"offer":[80],"commensurate":[81],"their":[88],"poor":[89],"scalability":[90],"limited":[92],"speed.":[93],"We":[94],"propose":[95],"sensing":[99],"technique":[100],"employs":[104],"nano-scale":[105],"switches":[107],"low-voltage,":[109],"low-current":[110],"read-operations":[111,124],"STT-MRAM.":[113],"Such":[114],"sensing-scheme":[116],"achieve":[118],"improved-scalability,":[119],"simplified-design":[120],"read-peripherals,":[122],"high-speed":[123],"90%":[126],"lower":[127],"read-energy.":[128],"As":[129],"result":[131],"more":[132],"than":[133],"~80%":[134],"overall":[137],"be":[140],"obtained":[141],"caches.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
