{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916839420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nana.2018.8648734","title":"Enhancing Carrier Frequency Offset Authentication via Fractal Dimension","display_name":"Enhancing Carrier Frequency Offset Authentication via Fractal Dimension","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916839420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nana.2018.8648734","mag":"2916839420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nana.2018.8648734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nana.2018.8648734","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086036308","display_name":"Xufei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7579-4437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xufei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062153630","display_name":"Shuiguang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-2586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94611258","display_name":"Hebei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/004rbbw49","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuiguang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Technology, Hebei Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Technology, Hebei Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057412480","display_name":"Wei Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-6722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19468138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"137","last_page":"142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.7935166358947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7362858057022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.671623706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6466461420059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.603462278842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6013482809066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.5380665063858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4537894129753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.4460398852825165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","score":0.4387572407722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.41406798362731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3905235230922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.38020527362823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3387386202812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23941722512245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.1560482382774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12726083397865295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.7935166358947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7362858057022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.671623706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6466461420059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.603462278842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6013482809066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.5380665063858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4537894129753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.4460398852825165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204222849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104954","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","level":2,"score":0.4387572407722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.41406798362731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3905235230922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.38020527362823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3387386202812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23941722512245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.1560482382774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12726083397865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nana.2018.8648734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nana.2018.8648734","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510900102","https://openalex.org/W1584118290","https://openalex.org/W1874399837","https://openalex.org/W1919042217","https://openalex.org/W1971066773","https://openalex.org/W1976842305","https://openalex.org/W1979843796","https://openalex.org/W2000053617","https://openalex.org/W2000532393","https://openalex.org/W2013233462","https://openalex.org/W2016931827","https://openalex.org/W2022593932","https://openalex.org/W2052476756","https://openalex.org/W2061534192","https://openalex.org/W2064263898","https://openalex.org/W2076166888","https://openalex.org/W2089324828","https://openalex.org/W2097147533","https://openalex.org/W2105018944","https://openalex.org/W2108139215","https://openalex.org/W2108913266","https://openalex.org/W2109631601","https://openalex.org/W2113475664","https://openalex.org/W2118565267","https://openalex.org/W2128726980","https://openalex.org/W2130758723","https://openalex.org/W2138120863","https://openalex.org/W2146080444","https://openalex.org/W2153644609","https://openalex.org/W2154170045","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2158922575","https://openalex.org/W2170196358","https://openalex.org/W6630491312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163799874","https://openalex.org/W2110234499","https://openalex.org/W2540911486","https://openalex.org/W3175192043","https://openalex.org/W2068304403","https://openalex.org/W2371617615","https://openalex.org/W3080284048","https://openalex.org/W2010378487","https://openalex.org/W3147831239","https://openalex.org/W2022242418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"wireless":[1,53,144],"networks,":[2],"guaranteed":[3],"identity":[4],"is":[5,61,79,94,105,148,152],"a":[6,42,73,158],"fundamental":[7],"challenge,":[8],"and":[9,120],"the":[10,21,24,62,86,98,113,128,140],"security":[11],"accomplished":[12],"by":[13,56],"cryptography":[14],"will":[15,31],"not":[16],"still":[17],"be":[18,29,32,109],"available":[19,125],"in":[20,34,38,52,85,102,132],"future":[22],"while":[23],"Access":[25],"Points(AP)":[26],"need":[27],"to":[28,44,108,112,154],"authenticated":[30],"large":[33],"quantity.":[35],"Fortunately,":[36],"authentication":[37],"physical":[39,133],"layer":[40,134],"provides":[41],"way":[43],"overcome":[45],"this":[46,66],"problem.":[47],"Establishing":[48],"Radio":[49],"Frequency":[50,59],"Fingerprint(RFF)":[51],"devices":[54,145],"identification,":[55],"estimating":[57],"Carrier":[58],"Offset(CFO),":[60],"priori":[63],"knowledge":[64],"of":[65,76,91,100,116,130,142,160],"paper.":[67],"The":[68],"phenomenon":[69],"that":[70,139],"CFO":[71,101,161],"has":[72],"narrow":[74],"range":[75],"jittery":[77],"frequency":[78],"considered,":[80],"what":[81,104],"was":[82],"usually":[83],"ignored":[84],"previous":[87],"research.":[88],"Fractal":[89],"Dimension(FD)":[90],"transmitted":[92],"signals":[93],"estimated":[95,114],"for":[96,126,162],"measuring":[97],"fluctuation":[99],"frequency,":[103],"quite":[106],"difficult":[107],"forged":[110],"compared":[111],"value":[115],"CFO.":[117],"Theoretical":[118],"analysis":[119],"experimental":[121],"result":[122,137],"are":[123],"both":[124],"illustrating":[127],"significance":[129],"FD":[131,147,156],"authentication.":[135,163],"Experimental":[136],"shows":[138],"discrimination":[141],"different":[143],"on":[146],"distinct.":[149],"So":[150],"it":[151],"necessary":[153],"reckon":[155],"as":[157],"supplement":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}