{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917053255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nana.2018.8648722","title":"Limits of Covert Communication over AWGN Channels in the Presence of Multiple Wardens","display_name":"Limits of Covert Communication over AWGN Channels in the Presence of Multiple Wardens","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917053255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nana.2018.8648722","mag":"2917053255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nana.2018.8648722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nana.2018.8648722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085570062","display_name":"Ranran Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-6331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranran Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062153630","display_name":"Shuiguang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-2586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94611258","display_name":"Hebei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/004rbbw49","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuiguang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031104973","display_name":"Xinghui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7677-6193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7008752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"143","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.606188178062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5826306343078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.5667850971221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48318877816200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.4339451789855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3403085470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.17817825078964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07701632380485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06426268815994263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.606188178062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5826306343078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5667850971221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48318877816200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.4339451789855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3403085470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.17817825078964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07701632380485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06426268815994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nana.2018.8648722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nana.2018.8648722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W636358068","https://openalex.org/W1532319909","https://openalex.org/W1980201978","https://openalex.org/W2000226542","https://openalex.org/W2084796966","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2288246546","https://openalex.org/W2295172321","https://openalex.org/W2594393372","https://openalex.org/W2963513299","https://openalex.org/W2963645489","https://openalex.org/W3102020296","https://openalex.org/W3104101844","https://openalex.org/W4241684208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2497093735","https://openalex.org/W2608712537","https://openalex.org/W2053697006","https://openalex.org/W2172175949","https://openalex.org/W11355709","https://openalex.org/W1986474432","https://openalex.org/W2156149713","https://openalex.org/W2908294075","https://openalex.org/W2090519722","https://openalex.org/W2889018248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"communication":[1,37,52,70,146],"has":[2,134],"recently":[3],"been":[4],"recognized":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,14,23,30,88,111],"highly":[8],"promising":[9],"security":[10],"technology":[11],"that":[12,128],"enables":[13],"transmitter":[15],"Alice":[16,100],"to":[17,103,122],"reliably":[18],"and":[19,93,126],"covertly":[20],"communicate":[21],"with":[22,42,90],"receiver":[24],"Bob":[25,104],"without":[26],"being":[27],"detected":[28],"by":[29],"malicious":[31],"warden.":[32],"Available":[33],"works":[34],"on":[35,40,136],"covert":[36,51,69,145],"mainly":[38],"focus":[39],"scenarios":[41,57],"only":[43],"one":[44],"warden,":[45],"while":[46,109],"the":[47,65,80,95,123,129,137,141],"fundamental":[48,66],"limits":[49,67,143],"of":[50,68,82,98,132,140,144],"in":[53,79],"more":[54],"practical":[55],"multi-warden":[56,124],"remain":[58],"largely":[59],"unknown.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"therefore":[63],"investigates":[64],"over":[71,105,147],"an":[72],"additive":[73],"white":[74],"Gaussian":[75],"noise":[76],"(AWGN)":[77],"channel":[78,107],"presence":[81],"multiple":[83],"wardens.":[84,116],"We":[85,117],"first":[86],"consider":[87],"scenario":[89],"two":[91],"wardens":[92,133],"derive":[94],"maximum":[96],"number":[97],"bits":[99],"can":[101],"transmit":[102],"n":[106],"uses":[108],"ensuring":[110],"negligible":[112],"detection":[113],"probability":[114],"at":[115],"then":[118],"generalize":[119],"this":[120],"result":[121],"case":[125],"find":[127],"minimal":[130],"power":[131],"impacts":[135],"scaling":[138],"law":[139],"performance":[142],"AWGN":[148],"channels.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}