{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087605632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5395597","title":"Intelligent system for Arabic character recognition","display_name":"Intelligent system for Arabic character recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087605632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5395597","mag":"2087605632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nabic.2009.5395597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5395597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056882713","display_name":"Majida Albakoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-7909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107575416","display_name":"University of Aleppo","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzvxz96","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107575416"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Albakoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria","Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Syria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107575416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107575416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084828574","display_name":"Khalid Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-7045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland","Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH, University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH, University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045081353","display_name":"Fadel Sukkar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107575416","display_name":"University of Aleppo","ror":"https://ror.org/03mzvxz96","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107575416"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Sukkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria","Faculty of Computer, Science and Engineering, Aleppo University, Syria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107575416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer, Science and Engineering, Aleppo University, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107575416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11624291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.7776502370834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.762107789516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.687286376953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6834372282028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5268515348434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.48685234785079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4858262538909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4303921163082123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.23226815462112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0841420590877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.049816250801086426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.7776502370834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.762107789516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.687286376953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6834372282028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5268515348434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.48685234785079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4858262538909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4303921163082123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.23226815462112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0841420590877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.049816250801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nabic.2009.5395597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5395597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1426511931","https://openalex.org/W1486887397","https://openalex.org/W1849999172","https://openalex.org/W1969222105","https://openalex.org/W2003938193","https://openalex.org/W2048461743","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2103757304","https://openalex.org/W2139992114","https://openalex.org/W2162770305","https://openalex.org/W4256068510","https://openalex.org/W6642734313","https://openalex.org/W7027716524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892704491","https://openalex.org/W2106936331","https://openalex.org/W1985626581","https://openalex.org/W4379163283","https://openalex.org/W2321008539","https://openalex.org/W2510702936","https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W2218402054","https://openalex.org/W2811459303","https://openalex.org/W1941071635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,55],"work,":[2],"a":[3,48,80,139],"new":[4],"system":[5],"for":[6,16,54,144,154,166],"Arabic":[7,155,164],"letter":[8],"recognition":[9,22,151,162],"is":[10,51,69,77,91,152,179],"designed":[11],"and":[12,20,25,44,170],"implemented.":[13],"New":[14],"approaches":[15],"segmentation,":[17],"processing,":[18],"classification":[19,145],"hence":[21],"of":[23,41,60,82,109,117,126,150,163,168],"characters":[24],"scripts":[26],"are":[27,135],"shown.":[28],"The":[29,89,99,131],"research":[30],"concentrates":[31],"on":[32,38],"two":[33,86],"important":[34],"subjects:":[35],"First,":[36],"segmentation":[37],"the":[39,58,65,72,123,127,136],"basis":[40],"word":[42],"histogram":[43],"baseline":[45],"estimation":[46],"-":[47],"convenient":[49],"algorithm":[50],"worked":[52],"out":[53],"aim.":[56],"Second,":[57],"process":[59],"feature":[61],"extraction":[62],"to":[63,105,114,121,138],"find":[64],"most":[66],"useful":[67],"points":[68],"implemented":[70],"upon":[71],"given":[73],"algorithm.":[74],"Feature":[75],"coding":[76],"executed":[78],"as":[79],"string":[81],"eight":[83,96],"digits":[84],"through":[85,103],"counterclockwise":[87],"passes.":[88],"code":[90,101],"filtered":[92,100],"up":[93],"provided":[94],"with":[95,181],"basic":[97],"pairs.":[98],"goes":[102],"processing":[104],"form":[106],"an":[107,115],"array":[108,116],"9*9":[110],"elements,":[111],"in":[112],"addition":[113],"2*2":[118],"elements":[119,134],"determined":[120],"resemble":[122],"four":[124],"parts":[125],"extracted":[128],"character":[129,156],"image.":[130],"85":[132],"obtained":[133],"input":[137],"Backpropagation":[140],"Neural":[141],"Network":[142],"used":[143],"purposes.":[146],"A":[147],"98.7%":[148],"rate":[149],"achieved":[153],"classification.":[157],"Results":[158],"have":[159,173],"proved":[160],"high":[161],"letters":[165],"varieties":[167],"fonts":[169],"sizes.":[171],"They":[172],"also":[174],"assured":[175],"that":[176],"computing":[177],"time":[178],"negligible":[180],"very":[182],"small":[183],"errors.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}