{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027016690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393603","title":"Gray-level Image Enhancement By Particle Swarm Optimization","display_name":"Gray-level Image Enhancement By Particle Swarm Optimization","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027016690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393603","mag":"2027016690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nabic.2009.5393603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393603","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113585329","display_name":"Apurba Gorai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Apurba Gorai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence Unit., Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata- 700108, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence Unit., Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata- 700108, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025656702","display_name":"Ashish Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-5576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Soft Computing Research, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","Center for Soft Computing Research, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, 700108 India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Soft Computing Research, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Soft Computing Research, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, 700108 India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113585329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90554392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"72","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7412460446357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.727779746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5097410082817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5034067034721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48515114188194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4740590453147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4663877487182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.45038676261901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-gradient","display_name":"Image gradient","score":0.4383883476257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-histogram","display_name":"Image histogram","score":0.432597279548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4062480926513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3667237162590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35415926575660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34822946786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34403204917907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.269731342792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.2542229890823364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7412460446357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.727779746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5097410082817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5034067034721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48515114188194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4740590453147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4663877487182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.45038676261901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182037307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17039097","display_name":"Image gradient","level":5,"score":0.4383883476257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62725073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771663","display_name":"Image histogram","level":5,"score":0.432597279548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4062480926513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3667237162590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35415926575660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34822946786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34403204917907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.269731342792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.2542229890823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nabic.2009.5393603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393603","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322275","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526455201","https://openalex.org/W1573534773","https://openalex.org/W1992103057","https://openalex.org/W2024123592","https://openalex.org/W2030359098","https://openalex.org/W2038767155","https://openalex.org/W2054241121","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2126265864","https://openalex.org/W2128931829","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2150500089","https://openalex.org/W2162716897","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2171107890","https://openalex.org/W2361411786","https://openalex.org/W2378649970","https://openalex.org/W2798741797","https://openalex.org/W3186388058","https://openalex.org/W4252813286","https://openalex.org/W6678890434","https://openalex.org/W6709470960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057981026","https://openalex.org/W2181573213","https://openalex.org/W2134986978","https://openalex.org/W2256021896","https://openalex.org/W4309786676","https://openalex.org/W2122866860","https://openalex.org/W2024449420","https://openalex.org/W2903465195","https://openalex.org/W2380937280","https://openalex.org/W2096268042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Particle":[0],"Swarm":[1],"Optimization":[2],"(PSO)":[3],"algorithms":[4],"represent":[5],"a":[6,51],"new":[7],"approach":[8],"for":[9,70],"optimization.":[10],"In":[11,47],"this":[12],"paper":[13],"image":[14,42,72,92,128],"enhancement":[15,30,73,117],"is":[16,24,31,55,74],"considered":[17],"as":[18],"an":[19,67],"optimization":[20],"problem":[21],"and":[22,60,79,124],"PSO":[23],"used":[25,75,102],"to":[26,87,94],"solve":[27],"it.":[28],"Image":[29],"mainly":[32],"done":[33],"by":[34,98],"maximizing":[35],"the":[36,40,48,64,83,89,95,100,104,108],"information":[37,62,81],"content":[38],"of":[39,63,82,110],"enhanced":[41,91],"with":[43,107,115],"intensity":[44],"transformation":[45,53,105],"function.":[46],"present":[49],"work":[50],"parameterized":[52],"function":[54,106],"used,":[56],"which":[57,76],"uses":[58],"local":[59],"global":[61],"image.":[65,84],"Here":[66],"objective":[68,96],"criterion":[69,97],"measuring":[71],"considers":[77],"entropy":[78],"edge":[80],"We":[85],"tried":[86],"achieve":[88],"best":[90],"according":[93],"optimizing":[99],"parameters":[101],"in":[103],"help":[109],"PSO.":[111],"Results":[112],"are":[113],"compared":[114],"other":[116],"techniques,":[118],"viz.":[119],"histogram":[120],"equalization,":[121],"contrast":[122],"stretching":[123],"genetic":[125],"algorithm":[126],"based":[127],"enhancement.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}