{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000154012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393377","title":"On formulating a probability of random correspondence of biometrics using error exponents","display_name":"On formulating a probability of random correspondence of biometrics using error exponents","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000154012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393377","mag":"2000154012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/nabic.2009.5393377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 World Congress on Nature &amp; Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110646521","display_name":"Jay R. Bhatnagar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jay R. Bhatnagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066116024","display_name":"Brejesh Lall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Lall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111573282","display_name":"R. K. Patney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R K. Patney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India-110 016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110646521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53916926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"509","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.9419826865196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.63310706615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.6023946404457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.556344747543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-of-error","display_name":"Probability of error","score":0.4593972861766815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4575897455215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4354860186576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42702099680900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42688170075416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4176423251628876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3910936117172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3835296928882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3523399829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2757372558116913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1185917854309082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.9419826865196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.63310706615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.6023946404457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.556344747543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92224547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1673216","display_name":"Probability of error","level":2,"score":0.4593972861766815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4575897455215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4354860186576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42702099680900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42688170075416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4176423251628876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3910936117172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3835296928882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3523399829864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2757372558116913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1185917854309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/nabic.2009.5393377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2009.5393377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 World Congress on Nature &amp; Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49110242","https://openalex.org/W599939251","https://openalex.org/W1017660896","https://openalex.org/W1492526923","https://openalex.org/W1542290855","https://openalex.org/W1603495404","https://openalex.org/W1639795441","https://openalex.org/W1994049097","https://openalex.org/W2069475988","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2122027310","https://openalex.org/W2130203169","https://openalex.org/W2144469199","https://openalex.org/W2144494112","https://openalex.org/W2145757529","https://openalex.org/W2148006987","https://openalex.org/W2155628890","https://openalex.org/W2162355439","https://openalex.org/W2500986216","https://openalex.org/W4239145390","https://openalex.org/W6724342964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W4200422973","https://openalex.org/W4233349824","https://openalex.org/W1995418324","https://openalex.org/W2211301776","https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W2275475525","https://openalex.org/W2060905804","https://openalex.org/W52775570","https://openalex.org/W1485853333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Performance":[0],"of":[1,12,27,38,47,77,92,103,118,135,141,157,159],"biometrics":[2,48],"in":[3,22,56,120,132],"human":[4],"authentication":[5],"can":[6],"be":[7,86],"limited":[8],"when":[9],"multiple":[10],"samples":[11],"a":[13,51,110,121],"user's":[14],"biometric":[15,106,122],"information":[16,45,55,101,125],"differ":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,71,85,99,108,138,153],"intra-class":[20,73],"variability":[21],"acquisition,":[23],"storage":[24],"or":[25],"transmission":[26],"biometrics.":[28,142,161],"Thus,":[29],"random":[30,39],"correspondence":[31,40],"results":[32],"between":[33],"users.":[34],"We":[35,143],"formulate":[36,100,139],"probability":[37,82,129],"(PRC)":[41],"by":[42,59],"developing":[43],"an":[44],"model":[46],"features":[49,57],"as":[50],"noisy":[52,105],"source.":[53],"The":[54,75],"represented":[58],"N":[60],"<sub":[61],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[62],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">s</sub>":[63],"bits":[64,69],"inherently":[65],"has":[66],"t":[67,78],"error":[68,81,128,136],"attributed":[70],"the":[72,93,104,116,133],"variabilities.":[74],"values":[76,156],"and":[79,107,127],"bit":[80],"are":[83,96,130],"shown":[84],"determined":[87],"from":[88],"second":[89],"order":[90],"statistics":[91],"features.":[94],"These":[95],"used":[97],"respectively,":[98],"rate":[102,126],"characterize":[109],"binary":[111],"symmetric":[112],"channel":[113],"that":[114],"models":[115],"occurrence":[117],"errors":[119],"template.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"combined":[131],"framework":[134],"exponents":[137],"PRC":[140,158],"illustrate":[144],"our":[145],"approach":[146],"with":[147],"simulations,":[148],"using":[149],"freely":[150],"available":[151],"data,":[152],"obtain":[154],"numerical":[155],"fingerprint":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
