{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391382682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406089","title":"Energy-Efficient High-Speed Architecture for Vehicle Speed Prediction Using Microcontrollers","display_name":"Energy-Efficient High-Speed Architecture for Vehicle Speed Prediction Using Microcontrollers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391382682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 66th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080574678","display_name":"Mohammed Rafi Shaik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2937-317X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Rafi Shaik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010099073","display_name":"Dubacharla Gyaneshwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9619-203X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dubacharla Gyaneshwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093828074","display_name":"Dheeraj Chellu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dheeraj Chellu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093828075","display_name":"Shikari Sriker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shikari Sriker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052017511","display_name":"Pabitra Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-5671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pabitra Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101469711","display_name":"K. Mohanraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthikeyan Mohanraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093828076","display_name":"Tejas Arya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tejas Arya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044085104","display_name":"Amit Acharyya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-0676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Acharyya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,Department of Electrical Engineering,Telangana,India,502285","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080574678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24674844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"972","last_page":"976"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12941","display_name":"Embedded Systems and FPGA Design","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12941","display_name":"Embedded Systems and FPGA Design","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.8100593090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6727122664451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6188564300537109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5385687351226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.49369320273399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.36820048093795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22825342416763306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.8100593090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6727122664451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6188564300537109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5385687351226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.49369320273399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36820048093795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22825342416763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 66th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978917517","https://openalex.org/W2280562613","https://openalex.org/W2319453305","https://openalex.org/W2569843416","https://openalex.org/W2801035805","https://openalex.org/W2955961252","https://openalex.org/W2959029806","https://openalex.org/W3034342478","https://openalex.org/W3041090558","https://openalex.org/W3041591210","https://openalex.org/W3097855118","https://openalex.org/W3121675121","https://openalex.org/W4220864110","https://openalex.org/W4220884111","https://openalex.org/W4226100590","https://openalex.org/W4297539927","https://openalex.org/W4311496230","https://openalex.org/W4362544610","https://openalex.org/W6810117401","https://openalex.org/W6846429428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W2771395446","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W3112038843","https://openalex.org/W3209836052","https://openalex.org/W2088310429","https://openalex.org/W2161641032","https://openalex.org/W3091627987","https://openalex.org/W2147310439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2,76],"(DNN)":[3],"models":[4],"are":[5],"widespread":[6],"across":[7],"various":[8],"applications.":[9,29],"However,":[10],"designing":[11],"a":[12,18,58,158],"computationally":[13],"intensive":[14],"DNN":[15],"model":[16,65,171,184],"on":[17,108],"resource-constrained":[19],"platform":[20],"is":[21,36,104],"challenging":[22],"and":[23,44,70,95,106,115,169,189],"limits":[24],"its":[25],"applicability":[26],"for":[27,57,92,125,146,153,175,195],"hardware-based":[28],"Developing":[30],"optimized":[31,75],"architectural":[32,54],"designs":[33],"of":[34,39,100,161,182],"DNNs":[35],"one":[37],"way":[38],"addressing":[40],"the":[41,46,74,101,120,154],"hardware":[42,86,143],"constraints":[43],"expanding":[45],"application":[47],"space.":[48],"The":[49,98,142],"current":[50],"study":[51],"proposes":[52],"an":[53],"design":[55,123],"optimization":[56],"gated":[59],"recurrent":[60],"unit":[61],"(GRU)":[62],"based":[63,130],"regression":[64],"using":[66,136],"microcontroller":[67],"units":[68],"(MCUs),":[69],"we":[71,83],"refer":[72],"to":[73],"as":[77],"embedded":[78],"GRU":[79],"(eGRU).":[80],"In":[81],"addition,":[82],"also":[84],"present":[85],"architectures":[87],"with":[88],"different":[89,110],"precision":[90],"formats":[91],"application-specific":[93],"energy":[94,164,192],"speed":[96,127,139],"benefits.":[97],"performance":[99],"proposed":[102,121],"methodology":[103,124],"investigated":[105],"tested":[107],"two":[109],"MCUs:":[111],"ARM":[112],"Cortex":[113],"LPC1768":[114],"AURIX":[116],"TC277.":[117],"We":[118],"validate":[119],"architecture":[122],"vehicle":[126,132],"prediction":[128],"(VSP)":[129],"intelligent":[131],"braking":[133],"system":[134],"applications":[135],"time-series":[137],"four-wheel":[138],"data":[140],"alone.":[141],"experimental":[144],"results":[145],"regression-based":[147],"eGRU":[148],"inference":[149],"per":[150],"test":[151],"sample":[152],"VSP":[155],"task":[156],"show":[157],"mean":[159],"reduction":[160,174],"3.5X":[162],"in":[163,167,191],"usage,":[165],"3X":[166],"latency,":[168,188],"33%":[170],"parameter":[172,185],"memory":[173],"single-precision":[176,198],"format":[177],"architecture.":[178,199],"A":[179],"further":[180],"decrease":[181],"50%":[183],"memory,":[186],"9%":[187],"9.1%":[190],"usage":[193],"yielded":[194],"half-precision":[196],"against":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
