{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391381720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406016","title":"Hardware-Efficient Accurate and Approximate FPGA Multipliers for Error-Tolerant Applications","display_name":"Hardware-Efficient Accurate and Approximate FPGA Multipliers for Error-Tolerant Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391381720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 66th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342606","display_name":"Haonan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-2096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452020","display_name":"Ke Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-3166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055635944","display_name":"Chenggang Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-3207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenggang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090343850","display_name":"Bi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-0478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023734605","display_name":"Weiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-8648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering/College of Integrated Circuit Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"977","last_page":"981"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8130220770835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.7968872785568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7501085996627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4514918327331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.43015462160110474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8130220770835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7968872785568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7501085996627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4514918327331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.43015462160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas57524.2023.10406016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 66th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4536919300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101252,62022041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G472132618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS2022047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486312278","https://openalex.org/W1605020135","https://openalex.org/W2026445983","https://openalex.org/W2265166184","https://openalex.org/W2521740029","https://openalex.org/W2562079981","https://openalex.org/W3018565930","https://openalex.org/W3126267573","https://openalex.org/W3135997061","https://openalex.org/W4210332759","https://openalex.org/W4255177036","https://openalex.org/W4311839916"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W1876592433","https://openalex.org/W2083269738","https://openalex.org/W2387078853","https://openalex.org/W2374455716","https://openalex.org/W2363990172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"FPGAs":[0],"are":[1],"widely":[2],"used":[3],"in":[4,21,53],"various":[5],"applications":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8],"communications,":[9],"digital":[10],"signal":[11],"processing,":[12],"and":[13,32,51,61],"artificial":[14],"intelligence.":[15],"As":[16],"a":[17,123],"basic":[18],"arithmetic":[19],"unit":[20],"these":[22],"applications,":[23],"the":[24,44,54,57,62,85,101,113],"multiplier's":[25],"optimization":[26],"can":[27],"significantly":[28],"improve":[29],"hardware":[30,45],"efficiency":[31],"performance.":[33],"This":[34,93],"paper":[35,103],"proposes":[36],"an":[37,68],"optimized":[38],"unsigned":[39,70],"Booth":[40],"multiplier":[41,60,71,115],"by":[42,84],"leveraging":[43],"feature":[46],"of":[47,112],"FPGA,":[48],"decreasing":[49],"36.4%":[50],"45.5%":[52],"area":[55,98],"over":[56],"Xilinx":[58,63],"LogiCORE":[59],"Synthesis":[64],"Default,":[65],"respectively.":[66],"Additionally,":[67],"approximate":[69],"with":[72,104],"probabilistic":[73],"analysis":[74],"compensation":[75,80],"is":[76,82,116],"proposed.":[77],"The":[78,107],"error":[79,109],"scheme":[81],"implemented":[83],"FPGA's":[86],"carry":[87],"chain":[88],"without":[89],"additional":[90],"resource":[91],"consumption.":[92],"design":[94],"saves":[95],"34.8":[96],"%":[97],"compared":[99],"to":[100,122],"state-of-the-art":[102],"higher":[105],"precision.":[106],"bit":[108],"rate":[110],"deterioration":[111],"proposed":[114],"less":[117],"than":[118],"0.0008":[119],"when":[120],"applied":[121],"5G":[124],"MIMO":[125],"wireless":[126],"communication":[127],"receiver.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
