{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292862962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859288","title":"A 12.2 to 14.9 GHz injection-locked VCO array with an on-chip 50 MHz BW semi-digital PLL for transient spin manipulation and detection","display_name":"A 12.2 to 14.9 GHz injection-locked VCO array with an on-chip 50 MHz BW semi-digital PLL for transient spin manipulation and detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292862962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606568","display_name":"2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046255511","display_name":"Khubaib Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khubaib Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors,Stuttgart,Germany","University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101777708","display_name":"Mohamed A. Moharram Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-0008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Atef Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors,Stuttgart,Germany","University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028550646","display_name":"Michal Kern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9376-4568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Kern","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors,Stuttgart,Germany","University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032135336","display_name":"K. Lips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-7239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800795503","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f\u00fcr Materialien und Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/02aj13c28","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2800795503"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Lips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Center for Materials and Energy,Berlin,Germany","Helmholtz Center for Materials and Energy, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Center for Materials and Energy,Berlin,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800795503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Center for Materials and Energy, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800795503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077104359","display_name":"Ilai Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5621-859X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136591757","display_name":"OmniVision Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdc0c96","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136591757","https://openalex.org/I4210094826"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilai Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVISION Imaging Technologies GmbH,Ulm,Germany","NVISION Imaging Technologies GmbH, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVISION Imaging Technologies GmbH,Ulm,Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVISION Imaging Technologies GmbH, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136591757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068294840","display_name":"Martin B. Plenio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-8843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113675","display_name":"Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01z25am55","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346","https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210088365","https://openalex.org/I4210113675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Plenio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University,Ulm,Germany","Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart and Ulm, Germany","Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University,Ulm,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart and Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021567937","display_name":"Fedor Jelezko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-3917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113675","display_name":"Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01z25am55","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346","https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210088365","https://openalex.org/I4210113675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fedor Jelezko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University,Ulm,Germany","Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart and Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University,Ulm,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart and Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113675"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052708751","display_name":"Jens Anders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-0352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113675","display_name":"Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01z25am55","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346","https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I196349391","https://openalex.org/I4210088365","https://openalex.org/I4210113675"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Anders","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors,Stuttgart,Germany","Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart and Ulm, Germany","University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart and Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Institute of Smart Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046255511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.2423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99523557,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.8479129076004028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.8236527442932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spins","display_name":"Spins","score":0.761523962020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5933701992034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.557288646697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5053372979164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.5015110969543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.46534502506256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.350172221660614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3358124792575836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.31503111124038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.2780469059944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22942951321601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2114233672618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16907507181167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12159797549247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09585309028625488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.8479129076004028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.8236527442932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577658","display_name":"Spins","level":2,"score":0.761523962020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5933701992034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.557288646697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5053372979164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.5015110969543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.46534502506256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.350172221660614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3358124792575836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31503111124038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.2780469059944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22942951321601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2114233672618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16907507181167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12159797549247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09585309028625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606568","display_name":"2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helmholtz.HZB:109016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/pubbin/oai_publication?VT=1ID=109016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402598","display_name":"HZB Repository (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f\u00fcr Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","host_organization_name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018134672"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In  2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems  MWSCAS Piscataway, NJ  IEEE, 2022.   ISBN 978 1 66540 280 4, p. 1 4","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330828","display_name":"QuantERA","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1897932341","https://openalex.org/W1991259611","https://openalex.org/W2176835232","https://openalex.org/W2619376211","https://openalex.org/W2779702701","https://openalex.org/W2897912158","https://openalex.org/W2924254540","https://openalex.org/W3047682709","https://openalex.org/W3092585973","https://openalex.org/W4200066023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070109416","https://openalex.org/W1523213765","https://openalex.org/W2040399070","https://openalex.org/W2388316590","https://openalex.org/W4388486464","https://openalex.org/W2976219355","https://openalex.org/W2089131288","https://openalex.org/W1600405202","https://openalex.org/W1486070987","https://openalex.org/W3064661991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"an":[2,11,49,147,157],"injection-locked":[3],"12.2":[4],"to":[5],"14.9":[6],"GHz":[7],"VCO":[8,77],"array":[9],"with":[10,63],"on-chip":[12,34],"large":[13,28,121],"bandwidth":[14,29,70],"semi-digital":[15],"PLL":[16,35,68],"for":[17,37,131,136],"the":[18,33,38,42,45,57,67,75,128,132,137],"real-time":[19,138],"manipulation":[20],"and":[21,89,92,100],"detection":[22,140,150],"of":[23,30,41,44,74,113,124,141,151],"electron":[24,46],"spins.":[25],"With":[26],"its":[27,90],"50":[31],"MHz,":[32],"allows":[36],"precise":[39],"control":[40],"phase":[43],"spins":[47],"from":[48],"external":[50],"reference.":[51],"Moreover,":[52,127],"we":[53],"demonstrate":[54],"experimentally":[55],"that":[56],"spin":[58,111],"signal":[59],"can":[60],"be":[61],"measured":[62],"high":[64],"sensitivity":[65,112],"outside":[66],"loop":[69],"by":[71],"FM":[72],"demodulation":[73],"frequency-divided":[76],"output":[78],"signal.":[79],"The":[80],"system":[81],"was":[82],"manufactured":[83],"in":[84,96],"40nm":[85],"bulk":[86],"CMOS":[87],"technology":[88],"versatility":[91],"performance":[93],"are":[94],"verified":[95],"continuous-wave,":[97],"rapid":[98],"scan,":[99],"pulsed":[101],"EPR":[102],"experiments.":[103],"In":[104],"these":[105],"experiments,":[106],"it":[107],"achieves":[108],"a":[109,120],"competitive":[110],"$6":[114],"\\times":[115],"10^{10}$":[116],"spins/$\\surd":[117],"{Hz}$":[118],"over":[119],"sensitive":[122],"volume":[123],"180":[125],"nl.":[126],"presented":[129],"system,":[130],"first":[133],"time,":[134],"allowed":[135],"inductive":[139],"Rabi":[142],"oscillations":[143],"as":[144,146],"well":[145],"intrinsically":[148],"dead-time-free":[149],"free":[152],"induction":[153],"decays":[154],"(FIDs)":[155],"after":[156],"excitation":[158],"pulse.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
