{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292862342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859282","title":"A 56-Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter Using Silicon Photonic Microring Modulator in 40nm CMOS","display_name":"A 56-Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter Using Silicon Photonic Microring Modulator in 40nm CMOS","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292862342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606568","display_name":"2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017467707","display_name":"Chongyun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5882-8781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096887","display_name":"HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00sz56h79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210096887","https://openalex.org/I4210147811"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chongyun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Hong Kong,SAR,China","HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, China","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Hong Kong,SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096887"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020878804","display_name":"Fuzhan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096887","display_name":"HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00sz56h79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210096887","https://openalex.org/I4210147811"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuzhan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Hong Kong,SAR,China","HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, China","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Hong Kong,SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096887"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033252398","display_name":"C. Patrick Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-2394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096887","display_name":"HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00sz56h79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210096887","https://openalex.org/I4210147811"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Patrick Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Hong Kong,SAR,China","HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, China","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Hong Kong,SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096887"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017467707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I4210096887","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09923938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction-ratio","display_name":"Extinction ratio","score":0.5381141304969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5091447234153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4941456615924835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexer","display_name":"Multiplexer","score":0.46689996123313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4573913812637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44665664434432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.4427150785923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37712258100509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36092710494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34037619829177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.29244333505630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.16917908191680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.14091387391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.12386676669120789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96137627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385099","display_name":"Extinction ratio","level":3,"score":0.5381141304969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5091447234153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4941456615924835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.46689996123313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4573913812637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44665664434432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.4427150785923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37712258100509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36092710494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34037619829177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.29244333505630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.16917908191680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.14091387391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.12386676669120789}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas54063.2022.9859282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606568","display_name":"2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 65th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-121111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS&KeyUT=000861351300011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330743","display_name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2177056031","https://openalex.org/W2313066883","https://openalex.org/W2346864961","https://openalex.org/W2515260639","https://openalex.org/W2759555985","https://openalex.org/W2792965801","https://openalex.org/W2965182358","https://openalex.org/W2971323714","https://openalex.org/W2982539003","https://openalex.org/W3004346094","https://openalex.org/W3087893936","https://openalex.org/W3160821939","https://openalex.org/W6698805512","https://openalex.org/W6794850421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323268213","https://openalex.org/W4242128654","https://openalex.org/W2152549830","https://openalex.org/W1993744883","https://openalex.org/W3197720232","https://openalex.org/W2388387398","https://openalex.org/W3203996584","https://openalex.org/W2010081998","https://openalex.org/W2082549546","https://openalex.org/W2073397691"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1,83],"presents":[2],"a":[3,12,25,29,43,50,57,109],"56-Gb/s":[4,98],"pulse":[5],"amplitude":[6],"modulation":[7],"(PAM)-4":[8],"transmitter":[9],"(TX)":[10],"using":[11],"silicon":[13],"photonic":[14],"microring":[15],"modulator":[16],"(MRM)":[17],"in":[18,81],"40nm":[19],"CMOS":[20],"technology.":[21],"The":[22],"TX":[23,41,101],"adopts":[24],"quarter-rate":[26],"architecture":[27],"with":[28,53,61,68,113],"thermometer-encoded":[30],"topology":[31],"for":[32],"independent":[33],"single-eye-height":[34],"adjustment.":[35],"Key":[36],"building":[37],"blocks":[38],"of":[39],"the":[40,85,100,105],"include":[42],"pulsed":[44],"tri-state":[45],"inverter-based":[46],"4:1":[47],"multiplexer":[48],"(MUX),":[49],"level":[51],"shifter":[52],"active":[54],"resistor":[55],"bias,":[56],"voltage-mode":[58],"high-swing":[59],"driver":[60],"swing":[62,119],"control,":[63],"and":[64,120],"an":[65],"output":[66,118],"pad-network":[67],"passive":[69],"equalization.":[70],"A":[71],"ring":[72],"oscillator-based":[73],"wide":[74],"bandwidth":[75],"phase-locked":[76],"loop":[77],"(PLL)":[78],"is":[79],"used":[80],"this":[82],"as":[84],"multiphase":[86],"clock":[87,106],"generator":[88],"to":[89,115],"save":[90],"power":[91],"while":[92],"maintaining":[93],"acceptable":[94],"phase":[95],"accuracy.":[96],"At":[97],"operation,":[99],"consumes":[102],"71.5mW":[103],"including":[104],"path,":[107],"achieving":[108],"1.28pJ/bit":[110],"energy":[111],"efficiency":[112],"up":[114],"${3.1V}_{\\mathrm{pp}}$":[116],"differential":[117],"larger":[121],"than":[122],"7.2dB":[123],"extinction":[124],"ratio.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}