{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201249220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531917","title":"Neural Network Design via Voltage-based Resistive Processing Unit and Diode Activation Function - A New Architecture","display_name":"Neural Network Design via Voltage-based Resistive Processing Unit and Diode Activation Function - A New Architecture","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201249220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531917","mag":"3201249220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531917","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044251586","display_name":"Yung-Ting Hsieh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Ting Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University&#x2013;New,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Brunswick,NJ,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University&#x2013;New,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Brunswick,NJ,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055352525","display_name":"Khizar Anjum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1140-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khizar Anjum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University&#x2013;New,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Brunswick,NJ,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University&#x2013;New,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Brunswick,NJ,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072507819","display_name":"Songjun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9900-0530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songjun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University&#x2013;New,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Brunswick,NJ,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University&#x2013;New,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Brunswick,NJ,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052584682","display_name":"Indraneel Kulkarni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887054487","display_name":"MathWorks (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8qtk87","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887054487"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indraneel Kulkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["The MathWorks, Inc.,MA,USA","The MathWorks, Inc., MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The MathWorks, Inc.,MA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887054487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The MathWorks, Inc., MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887054487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007041249","display_name":"Dario Pompili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-509X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Pompili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University&#x2013;New,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Brunswick,NJ,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University&#x2013;New,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Brunswick,NJ,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044251586"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75752291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigmoid-function","display_name":"Sigmoid function","score":0.6708635091781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.6314054131507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6055653095245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.5980178713798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5846401453018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.5643693208694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5453959107398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.5032922625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.5019347667694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.47862687706947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.43389081954956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40125080943107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3388795852661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.31998422741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2901347875595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24211499094963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2067643702030182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08656033873558044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81388566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526668","display_name":"Sigmoid function","level":3,"score":0.6708635091781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.6314054131507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6055653095245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.5980178713798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5846401453018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.5643693208694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5453959107398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.5032922625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.5019347667694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.47862687706947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.43389081954956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40125080943107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3388795852661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.31998422741889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2901347875595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24211499094963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2067643702030182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08656033873558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531917","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655377202","https://openalex.org/W2145942961","https://openalex.org/W2307193480","https://openalex.org/W2517138139","https://openalex.org/W2548135880","https://openalex.org/W2593076482","https://openalex.org/W2618398196","https://openalex.org/W2675031852","https://openalex.org/W2792208628","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2889463071","https://openalex.org/W2943231506","https://openalex.org/W2962769533","https://openalex.org/W2963387357","https://openalex.org/W2973153123","https://openalex.org/W3105270833","https://openalex.org/W3142548120","https://openalex.org/W6738373677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082263874","https://openalex.org/W3005999147","https://openalex.org/W3024979424","https://openalex.org/W4283785902","https://openalex.org/W2895192346","https://openalex.org/W2041004593","https://openalex.org/W3134817226","https://openalex.org/W3032499992","https://openalex.org/W3116943156","https://openalex.org/W3173926637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,32,60,152,155],"architecture":[4],"based":[5,35],"on":[6,36],"Resistive":[7],"Processing":[8],"Unit":[9],"(RPU)":[10],"has":[11],"become":[12],"a":[13,24,41,85,91,98,105],"hot":[14],"topic":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,20,30,57,83,95],"its":[18],"potential":[19],"accelerate":[21],"training":[22],"of":[23,43,51,104,129,143,154],"Neural":[25],"Network":[26],"(NN).":[27],"However,":[28],"attempts":[29],"realize":[31],"RPU":[33,77],"concept":[34,50],"non-volatile":[37],"memory":[38],"technology":[39],"face":[40],"myriad":[42],"technological":[44],"and":[45,109,125,136,148],"physical":[46],"constraints.":[47],"The":[48,113],"theoretical":[49],"crossbar":[52],"array":[53],"is":[54,81],"nearly":[55],"impossible":[56],"implement":[58],"in":[59,141],"real":[61],"world":[62],"without":[63],"certain":[64],"tweaks.":[65],"Hence,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"an":[69],"Voltage":[70],"output":[71,126],"Complementary":[72],"Metal":[73],"Oxide":[74],"Semiconductor":[75],"(CMOS)-based":[76],"design":[78,116],"VRPU,":[79],"which":[80,102],"used":[82],"build":[84],"neural":[86],"network.":[87],"We":[88],"also":[89],"introduce":[90],"novel":[92],"diode-based":[93],"circuit":[94],"behave":[96],"as":[97],"non-linear":[99],"activation":[100],"function,":[101],"consists":[103],"single":[106],"Diode":[107,110],"(D)":[108],"Pair":[111],"(DP).":[112],"proposed":[114,156],"VRPU":[115],"when":[117],"tested":[118],"with":[119],"MNIST":[120],"dataset":[121],"for":[122],"hidden":[123],"layer":[124,127],"combinations":[128],"ReLU+Sigmoid,":[130],"D+Sigmoid,":[131],"ReLU+DP,":[132],"D+DP":[133,137],"(low":[134],"temperature)":[135,139],"(high":[138],"resulted":[140],"accuracies":[142],"94.29%,":[144],"95.90%,":[145],"95.53%,":[146],"96.75%":[147],"96.57%":[149],"respectively":[150],"corroborating":[151],"merits":[153],"design.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
