{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199016189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531723","title":"HDR 4T-APS Pixel for Event Generation by Frame Differencing","display_name":"HDR 4T-APS Pixel for Event Generation by Frame Differencing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199016189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531723","mag":"3199016189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS47672.2021.9531723","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015216636","display_name":"Marko Jaklin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6153-3412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marko Jaklin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025364375","display_name":"D. Garc\u00eda-Lesta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9895-9839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Garcia-Lesta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077550469","display_name":"V.M. Brea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-0425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. M. Brea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081834006","display_name":"P. L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-8945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tecnolox\u00edas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807","https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015216636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239","https://openalex.org/I4210111807"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67389065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"921","last_page":"924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.8288281559944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6843419075012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.6705299019813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlated-double-sampling","display_name":"Correlated double sampling","score":0.6266837120056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5695889592170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.563544750213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5404070615768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.46205320954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dynamic-range","display_name":"High dynamic range","score":0.45448067784309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.44822460412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37870410084724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.34274619817733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3307550549507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3156982660293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1773548126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15858367085456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12162691354751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0927433967590332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.8288281559944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6843419075012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6705299019813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118277053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172837","display_name":"Correlated double sampling","level":4,"score":0.6266837120056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5695889592170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.563544750213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5404070615768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.46205320954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.45448067784309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.44822460412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37870410084724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.34274619817733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3307550549507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3156982660293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1773548126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15858367085456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12162691354751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0927433967590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5879267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS47672.2021.9531723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MWCAS, 2021 IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Lansing, MI, USA, 9-11 August 2021","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5879267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS47672.2021.9531723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MWCAS, 2021 IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Lansing, MI, USA, 9-11 August 2021","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W2016574277","https://openalex.org/W2070094114","https://openalex.org/W2128051455","https://openalex.org/W2965106304","https://openalex.org/W3015720672","https://openalex.org/W3090036856","https://openalex.org/W3163515291","https://openalex.org/W4226051885","https://openalex.org/W6633800908","https://openalex.org/W6775770160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884377208","https://openalex.org/W2525745698","https://openalex.org/W2010724756","https://openalex.org/W2152030049","https://openalex.org/W2564543331","https://openalex.org/W2410869481","https://openalex.org/W2466475649","https://openalex.org/W1967888462","https://openalex.org/W2371190228","https://openalex.org/W2004344889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"address":[4],"the":[5,34,65,119],"concept":[6,32],"of":[7,33,67],"an":[8],"event":[9,56,110],"detection":[10],"pixel":[11,35,47,87,97,120],"through":[12,74],"frame":[13,107],"differencing":[14],"implemented":[15,72],"with":[16,26,38],"a":[17,75,80,90],"high":[18],"dynamic":[19],"range":[20],"(HDR)":[21],"4-Transistor":[22],"Active":[23],"Pixel":[24],"(4T-APS)":[25],"Correlated":[27],"Double":[28],"Sampling":[29],"(CDS).":[30],"The":[31,45],"is":[36,71],"illustrated":[37],"simulations":[39,116],"in":[40,59,64],"180":[41],"nm":[42],"CMOS":[43],"technology.":[44],"4T-APS":[46],"naturally":[48],"cuts":[49],"down":[50],"noise,":[51],"expecting":[52],"to":[53],"decrease":[54],"false":[55],"generation":[57],"present":[58],"many":[60],"asynchronous":[61],"event-based":[62],"sensors":[63],"absence":[66],"intensity":[68],"changes.":[69],"HDR":[70],"locally":[73],"simple":[76],"algorithm":[77],"executed":[78],"on":[79],"lateral":[81],"overflow":[82],"integration":[83],"capacitor":[84],"alongside":[85],"additional":[86],"memories":[88,98],"and":[89,94,99,109],"circuit":[91],"for":[92,104],"addition":[93],"subtraction.":[95],"Such":[96],"arithmetic":[100],"circuits":[101],"are":[102],"reused":[103],"both":[105],"CDS,":[106],"differencing,":[108],"generation,":[111],"amortizing":[112],"hardware":[113],"utilization.":[114],"Electrical":[115],"show":[117],"that":[118],"could":[121],"reach":[122],"1000":[123],"fps.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}