{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914021834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2018.8624010","title":"A Coupled Schmitt Trigger Oscillator Neural Network for Pattern Recognition Applications","display_name":"A Coupled Schmitt Trigger Oscillator Neural Network for Pattern Recognition Applications","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914021834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2018.8624010","mag":"2914021834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas.2018.8624010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2018.8624010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 61st International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458329","display_name":"Ting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-8182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033857903","display_name":"Mohammad Rafiqul Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad R. Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066879803","display_name":"J. Iwan D. Alexander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-7912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iwan D. Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057380866","display_name":"Yehia Massoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-0639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehia Massoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19333136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"238","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12813","display_name":"Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schmitt-trigger","display_name":"Schmitt trigger","score":0.7138930559158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7033901214599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6612778306007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6456164717674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5678460597991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.46546411514282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.43807750940322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39583757519721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39512643218040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17856428027153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16141831874847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10939493775367737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90201813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202957","display_name":"Schmitt trigger","level":3,"score":0.7138930559158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7033901214599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6612778306007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6456164717674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5678460597991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46546411514282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.43807750940322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39583757519721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39512643218040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17856428027153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16141831874847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10939493775367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas.2018.8624010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2018.8624010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 61st International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111157985","https://openalex.org/W1544430784","https://openalex.org/W1964947706","https://openalex.org/W1972472677","https://openalex.org/W2027249819","https://openalex.org/W2057997927","https://openalex.org/W2063668051","https://openalex.org/W2076618566","https://openalex.org/W2089322587","https://openalex.org/W2107572420","https://openalex.org/W2111594240","https://openalex.org/W2153249993","https://openalex.org/W2164997985","https://openalex.org/W2510651927","https://openalex.org/W2734055939","https://openalex.org/W3023081766","https://openalex.org/W4231972298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073938006","https://openalex.org/W1925416797","https://openalex.org/W2047633077","https://openalex.org/W2598543054","https://openalex.org/W1995561044","https://openalex.org/W2043191988","https://openalex.org/W2966297013","https://openalex.org/W2058985443","https://openalex.org/W2129489646","https://openalex.org/W2512718974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"demonstrates":[2],"a":[3,98],"coupled":[4],"Schmitt":[5,38],"trigger":[6],"oscillator":[7,9],"based":[8,77],"neural":[10],"network":[11],"(SMT-ONN)":[12],"for":[13,97],"pattern":[14,60,100],"recognition":[15,61,72,101],"applications.":[16],"Unlike":[17],"previous":[18],"ONN":[19],"models,":[20],"the":[21,37,44,52,59,65,71],"SMT-ONN":[22,56],"can":[23,57],"be":[24],"easily":[25],"realized":[26],"in":[27],"both":[28],"hardware":[29],"and":[30,68,83,93],"software":[31],"levels.":[32],"A":[33,74],"mathematical":[34,53],"model":[35,76],"of":[36],"Trigger":[39],"Oscillator":[40],"as":[41,43,70],"well":[42],"corresponding":[45],"CMOS":[46],"circuit":[47],"are":[48],"presented":[49],"to":[50],"validate":[51],"model.":[54],"The":[55],"realize":[58],"task":[62],"by":[63],"considering":[64],"convergence":[66,91],"time":[67,92],"frequency":[69,78,95],"indicators.":[73],"Kuramoto":[75],"synchronization":[79],"approach":[80],"is":[81],"utilized,":[82],"simulation":[84],"results":[85],"indicate":[86],"less":[87],"than":[88],"160":[89],"ms":[90],"close":[94],"match":[96],"simplified":[99],"application.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}