{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2760778891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2017.8053159","title":"DRNG: DRAM-based random number generation using its startup value behavior","display_name":"DRNG: DRAM-based random number generation using its startup value behavior","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2760778891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2017.8053159","mag":"2760778891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas.2017.8053159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2017.8053159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002634808","display_name":"Charles A. Eckert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-9890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Eckert","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, Binghamton University, Vestal, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, Binghamton University, Vestal, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103273702","display_name":"Fatemeh Tehranipoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-9954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Tehranipoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082629462","display_name":"John A. Chandy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3449-3205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Chandy","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9159795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1260","last_page":"1263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.8978404998779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.8937385082244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.7808700799942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.735901951789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6769325733184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.587724506855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-seed","display_name":"Random seed","score":0.44407007098197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness-tests","display_name":"Randomness tests","score":0.4315025508403778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-function","display_name":"Random function","score":0.42686840891838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39845216274261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34622693061828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.25832343101501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.2479049265384674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2026183009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12838506698608398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.8978404998779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.8937385082244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.7808700799942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.735901951789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6769325733184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.587724506855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26263659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886131","display_name":"Random seed","level":3,"score":0.44407007098197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18017163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13560113","display_name":"Randomness tests","level":3,"score":0.4315025508403778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13929819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Random function","level":3,"score":0.42686840891838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39845216274261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34622693061828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.25832343101501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.2479049265384674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2026183009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12838506698608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas.2017.8053159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2017.8053159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1564309918","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2048999575","https://openalex.org/W2051451212","https://openalex.org/W2054443616","https://openalex.org/W2429633288","https://openalex.org/W2525711947","https://openalex.org/W2599001773","https://openalex.org/W2757228622","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W6633709968","https://openalex.org/W6727391757","https://openalex.org/W6825343983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295788780","https://openalex.org/W1606748595","https://openalex.org/W20867979","https://openalex.org/W4292794352","https://openalex.org/W2180759359","https://openalex.org/W2142274949","https://openalex.org/W2936081364","https://openalex.org/W1645673708","https://openalex.org/W2158367025","https://openalex.org/W2489103938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"True":[0],"Random":[1,40],"Number":[2],"Generators":[3],"(TRNG)":[4],"are":[5,24,35,42,110],"used":[6],"in":[7,96],"a":[8,20,76,90,100],"variety":[9],"of":[10,70,146],"applications":[11],"including":[12],"cryptographic":[13],"algorithms,":[14],"communication":[15],"systems,":[16],"simulations,":[17],"etc.":[18],"From":[19],"security":[21],"perspective,":[22],"TRNGs":[23],"particularly":[25],"important":[26],"because":[27],"they":[28,117],"can":[29],"produce":[30,75],"random":[31,54,60,123,132],"output":[32],"bits":[33],"that":[34,83,106],"fully":[36],"unpredictable":[37],"and":[38,46,142],"unbiased.":[39],"sources":[41,56],"not":[43,111],"often":[44],"apparent":[45],"it":[47],"is":[48],"useful":[49],"to":[50,57,74,130],"have":[51,87,119,126],"intrinsic":[52],"hardware-based":[53],"number":[55],"generate":[58],"highly":[59],"bit":[61],"sequences.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66,104,140],"demonstrate":[67,105],"the":[68,107,135,144,151],"use":[69,120],"DRAM":[71,84,136],"startup":[72,85,108,137],"values":[73,86,109],"TRNG.":[77],"Previous":[78],"work":[79],"[1]":[80],"has":[81],"shown":[82],"potential":[88],"as":[89],"physical":[91],"unclonable":[92],"function":[93],"(PUF).":[94],"However,":[95],"our":[97],"tests":[98],"using":[99],"newer":[101],"DDR2":[102],"DRAM,":[103],"suitable":[112],"for":[113,121],"device":[114],"authentication":[115],"but":[116],"do":[118],"creating":[122],"keys.":[124],"We":[125],"developed":[127],"an":[128],"approach":[129],"extract":[131],"numbers":[133],"from":[134],"values.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"assessed":[141],"tested":[143],"randomness":[145],"selected":[147],"data":[148],"by":[149],"applying":[150],"NIST":[152],"Statistical":[153],"Test.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}