{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2324646475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908413","title":"Identification of Trojans in an FPGA using low-precision equipment","display_name":"Identification of Trojans in an FPGA using low-precision equipment","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2324646475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908413","mag":"2324646475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908413","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065276448","display_name":"Trey Reece","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-4573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trey Reece","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075295090","display_name":"Bradley T. Kiddie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley T. Kiddie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106128999","display_name":"William H. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-689X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William H. Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19418561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"306","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.872299075126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.7459558248519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7184703350067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6624060869216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.6381469368934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6369286775588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.570630669593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","score":0.49052852392196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.4842950701713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3865357041358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34027940034866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.2617829442024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2488478124141693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.872299075126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.7459558248519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7184703350067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6624060869216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.6381469368934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6369286775588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.570630669593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.49052852392196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.4842950701713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3865357041358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34027940034866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2617829442024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2488478124141693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908413","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541663547","https://openalex.org/W2036619512","https://openalex.org/W2115066922","https://openalex.org/W2121603762","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2148357146","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2162730329","https://openalex.org/W2172075479","https://openalex.org/W3147510284","https://openalex.org/W6632480037","https://openalex.org/W6685194180","https://openalex.org/W6792999178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W4318003314","https://openalex.org/W2120912790","https://openalex.org/W2782017703","https://openalex.org/W4248805755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"Trojans":[1],"pose":[2],"a":[3],"difficult":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,10,43,47,50,65],"hardware":[7],"systems":[8],"due":[9],"the":[11,19,34,87,90],"difficulty":[12],"in":[13,41,86],"their":[14,73],"identification.":[15],"In":[16],"many":[17],"cases,":[18],"differences":[20],"observed":[21],"between":[22],"Trojan":[23],"and":[24],"Trusted":[25],"chips":[26],"can":[27],"be":[28],"very":[29],"small.":[30],"This":[31],"research":[32],"explored":[33],"feasibility":[35],"of":[36,79,89],"using":[37,57],"low-precision":[38],"test":[39],"equipment":[40],"order":[42],"identify":[44],"malicious":[45],"modifications":[46],"circuits":[48],"programmed":[49],"Field":[51],"Programmable":[52],"Gate":[53],"Arrays":[54],"(FPGAs).":[55],"Examination":[56],"an":[58],"ELVIS":[59],"II":[60],"Instrumentation":[61],"board":[62],"was":[63],"able":[64],"correctly":[66],"classify":[67],"ISCAS85":[68],"c6288":[69],"multipliers":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72],"internal":[74],"structure,":[75],"allowing":[76],"for":[77],"identification":[78],"suspected":[80],"designs.":[81],"These":[82],"tests":[83],"were":[84],"conducted":[85],"context":[88],"2012":[91],"Cyber-Security":[92],"Awareness":[93],"Week":[94],"Embedded":[95],"Systems":[96],"Challenge.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
