{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416177753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Upper Mid-Band 6G Networks: Gain or Pain?","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Upper Mid-Band 6G Networks: Gain or Pain?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416177753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077024961","display_name":"Ferdi Kara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferdi Kara","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stokcholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-5200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stokcholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030697206","display_name":"\u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe Demir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13236232","display_name":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ewx7v96","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe Demir","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-2799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stokcholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stokcholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58552123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"142","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.7576000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.684499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.34610000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.7576000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7325999736785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.684499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58074150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408468","display_name":"Fixed wireless","level":5,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989466925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061197","display_name":"Radio networks","level":4,"score":0.2621000111103058}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3616979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"first":[1],"sixth-generation":[2],"(6G)":[3],"networks":[4],"will":[5],"most":[6,54],"likely":[7],"utilize":[8],"upper":[9,135,192],"mid-band":[10,193],"frequencies":[11],"(i.e.,":[12],"7-24":[13],"GHz).":[14],"This":[15],"is":[16],"regarded":[17],"as":[18,50,61],"the":[19,41,53,66,86,134,166,171,188],"<italic":[20],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[21],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">golden":[22],"band</i>":[23],"since":[24],"it":[25],"combines":[26],"good":[27],"coverage,":[28,84],"much":[29],"new":[30],"spectrum,":[31],"and":[32,85,96,127,162,180],"enables":[33],"many":[34],"antennas":[35],"in":[36,57,159],"compact":[37],"form":[38],"factors.":[39],"On":[40],"other":[42],"hand,":[43],"reconfigurable":[44],"intelligent":[45],"surfaces":[46],"(RISs)":[47],"have":[48],"emerged":[49],"one":[51],"of":[52,88,122,190],"studied":[55],"topics":[56],"recent":[58],"years,":[59],"hailed":[60],"a":[62],"transformative":[63],"technology":[64],"with":[65],"potential":[67],"to":[68,80,116,142,186],"revolutionize":[69],"future":[70],"wireless":[71,89,154],"systems.":[72,195],"While":[73],"RISs":[74],"are":[75,111,130],"recognized":[76],"for":[77,133,183],"their":[78],"ability":[79],"enhance":[81,187],"spectral":[82],"efficiency,":[83],"reliability":[87,164],"channels,":[90],"several":[91],"challenges":[92,114],"remain.":[93],"Notably,":[94],"convincing":[95],"profitable":[97],"use":[98,119,149],"cases":[99],"must":[100],"be":[101,108],"developed":[102],"before":[103],"widespread":[104],"commercial":[105],"deployment":[106],"can":[107,176],"realized.":[109],"There":[110],"significant":[112],"frequency-specific":[113],"related":[115],"RIS":[117,175,185],"deployment,":[118],"cases,":[120,150],"number":[121],"required":[123],"elements,":[124],"channel":[125],"estimation,":[126],"control.":[128],"These":[129],"previously":[131],"unaddressed":[132],"mid-band.":[136],"In":[137],"this":[138,144],"paper,":[139],"we":[140],"aim":[141],"bridge":[143],"gap":[145],"by":[146],"exploring":[147],"various":[148],"including":[151],"RIS-assisted":[152],"fixed":[153],"access":[155],"(FWA),":[156],"enhanced":[157],"capacity":[158],"mobile":[160],"communications,":[161],"increased":[163],"at":[165],"cell":[167],"edge.":[168],"We":[169],"identify":[170],"conditions":[172],"under":[173],"which":[174],"provide":[177],"major":[178],"benefits":[179],"optimal":[181],"strategies":[182],"deploying":[184],"performance":[189],"6G":[191],"communication":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}