{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7105853809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3599658","title":"Integrated Sensing and Communications Framework for 6G Networks","display_name":"Integrated Sensing and Communications Framework for 6G Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7105853809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3599658"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2025.3599658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3599658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongliang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-7158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-7158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tengyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5929-3310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5929-3310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chuanbin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3668-4926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanbin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3668-4926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yucong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-2381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-2381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bo Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-2000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-2000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuhua Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-9756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhua Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-9756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dongqi Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongqi Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-2793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feifei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91794463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"102","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.6168000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.6168000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.057999998331069946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.0430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-environment","display_name":"Electromagnetic environment","score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.33399999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8288999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.47360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64183698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4530886","display_name":"Electromagnetic environment","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mwc.2025.3599658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2025.3599658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146764194","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1284","issn":["1536-1284","1558-0687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7715070843696594}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5226275299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5353535290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62325107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6643904821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8392669911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G967023555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025YFHZ0022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152301406","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W4214816190","https://openalex.org/W4312767306","https://openalex.org/W4321195652","https://openalex.org/W4387212434","https://openalex.org/W4387303220","https://openalex.org/W4389544671","https://openalex.org/W4393140194","https://openalex.org/W4398249619","https://openalex.org/W4400679226","https://openalex.org/W4404795612","https://openalex.org/W4406857023","https://openalex.org/W4406858314"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,22,51,88,123,149,162],"propose":[4],"a":[5],"novel":[6],"integrated":[7],"sensing":[8,95,129,143],"and":[9,33,64,103,154,175],"communications":[10,147],"(ISAC)":[11],"framework":[12,187],"for":[13,49,86,121,157],"the":[14,24,42,46,62,79,83,105,114,118,134,151,172,177,184],"sixth":[15],"generation":[16],"(6G)":[17],"mobile":[18],"networks,":[19],"in":[20,75,108],"which":[21,50,87,122],"decompose":[23],"real":[25],"physical":[26,47,84,119],"world":[27],"into":[28,145],"static":[29,39,69,76],"environment,":[30],"dynamic":[31,72,106,178],"targets,":[32],"various":[34],"object":[35,111],"materials.":[36],"The":[37,71,110],"ubiquitous":[38],"environment":[40,56],"occupies":[41],"vast":[43],"majority":[44],"of":[45,68,82,117,137,200],"world,":[48,85,120],"design":[52,89],"<italic":[53,91,125],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[54,92,126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">static":[55],"reconstruction":[57],"(SER)</i>":[58],"scheme":[59,97,131],"to":[60,98,132,140],"obtain":[61],"layout":[63],"point":[65],"cloud":[66],"information":[67],"buildings.":[70],"targets":[73,107],"floating":[74],"environments":[77],"create":[78],"spatiotemporal":[80],"transition":[81],"comprehensive":[90],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">dynamic":[93],"target":[94],"(DTS)</i>":[96],"detect,":[99],"estimate,":[100],"track,":[101],"image":[102],"recognize":[104],"real-time.":[109],"materials":[112],"enrich":[113],"electromagnetic":[115,135],"laws":[116],"develop":[124,163],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">electromagnetic":[127],"property":[128],"(EMPS)</i>":[130],"estimate":[133],"coefficient":[136],"objects.":[138],"Besides,":[139],"integrate":[141],"these":[142,182],"functions":[144],"existing":[146],"systems,":[148],"discuss":[150],"interference":[152],"issues":[153],"corresponding":[155],"solutions":[156],"ISAC":[158,165,186],"cellular":[159],"networks.":[160],"Furthermore,":[161],"an":[164],"hardware":[166],"prototype":[167],"platform":[168],"that":[169],"can":[170,188],"reconstruct":[171],"environmental":[173],"maps":[174],"sense":[176],"targets.":[179],"With":[180],"all":[181],"designs,":[183],"proposed":[185],"support":[189],"multifarious":[190],"emerging":[191],"applications,":[192],"such":[193],"as":[194],"digital":[195],"twins,":[196],"low-altitude":[197],"economy,":[198],"internet":[199],"vehicles,":[201],"marine":[202],"management,":[203],"deformation":[204],"monitoring,":[205],"etc.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-11-17T00:00:00"}